neonatal assessment Flashcards
Normal range of weight loss
10%
most babies regain birth weight within
10-14 days
Average weight gain is
20-30 g per day
Infants double their birth weight by
4 months, triple by 1 year
what head circumference would raise concern?
< 32cm
Average increase in HC?
0.5cm/week x 6 weeks
Caput succideneum is
swelling just under skin
Cephalohematoma
does NOT cross suture lines - UNder periosteum, resolves in weeks
Sub Galeal hemorrahge
Just above aponeurosis - can fill whole area under skull
Common breech exam findings
flat occiput, sharp flat forehead
increased hip dysplasia
Common exam finding - new born
Blue feet - Acrocyanosis
Common exam finding - premature
less mature creases
malleable ear
Preterm
term
post-term
< 37 weeks
37-41 weeks
> 42 weeks
low birth weight =
Very low birth weight
Extremely low BW =
< 2.5kg
< 1.5 kg
< 1kg
additive risks of neonatal sepsis
any 2 risk factors can increase risk up to 25 times
sign and Sx of neonatal sepsis are
non specific!
rectal temp > 37.8
normal neonates can be cyanotic until
5-10 mins of age when o2 sats reach 85-95 %
causes of central cyanosis in neonate
- hypoventilation
- pulmonary disease V/Q mismatch, diffusion impairment
- right to left shunt
- hematologic
abnormal tachypnea in a new born is
> 60 breaths/min
respiratory distress in the immediate new born period can indicate
lung disease
infection
respiratory distress after a few hours of new born birth
infection/sepsis
metabolic disorder
cardiac dysfunction
respiratory distress that appears beyond the first few days
can suggest infection
and cardiac issues
transient tachypnea can present how soon after birth?
within 2 hours of birth
when do you think about congenital heart disease in a new born?
completely blue baby - but no respiratory distress
what happens to pulmonary pressures as babies transition to extrauterine life?
they decrease
some red flags for GI upset in newborns
- abdominal tenderness/distention
- bile stained vomitus
- bleed
absent sounds - poor weight gain
- delayed passage of meconium
when does pyloric stenosis tend to happen?
3-6 weeks of age, not congenital, not immediate
what is pyloric stenosis caused by
hypertrophy of pyloris
when to be concerned about jaundice?
within 24 hours rapid increase in levels direct hyperbilirubinemia prematurity sepsis/ill
ABO incompatibility happens when
mother is O and baby is A o B
positive coomb’s test does not necessarily
indicate that baby will have hyperbilirubinemia
when would you consider jaundice related to breast milk jaundice?
when unconjugated and beyond 7 days of age no other etiologies
