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Y4 Child Health > Neonatal > Flashcards

Neonatal Flashcards

1
Q

When is term?

A

37 - 42 weeks gestation

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2
Q

When is the neonatal period?

A

0 - 4 weeks old

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3
Q

What is normal birth weight? What is very low birth weight? What is extremely low birth weight?

A

Normal 2.5. - 4kg
VLBW <1.5kg
ELBW <1kg

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4
Q

Define small for gestational age

A

Below 10th centile for gestation

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5
Q

How is a normal neonatal HR and RR?

A

HR 110 - 160

RR <50/60

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6
Q

Is acrocyanosis a sign of heart disease?

A

No - blue hands/feet +- perioral blueness is normal in neonates

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7
Q

What type of ventilation is 1st line in neonates? What is an important side effect?

A

CPAP

SE pneumothorax

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8
Q

When is a red flag for passage of meconium?

A

> 24hr red flag

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9
Q

What age does the Babinski reflex disappear in infants?

A

1yr

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10
Q

What is a minimum Apgar score? What is a maximum socre? What is a normal score?

A

Min 0
Max 10
Normal 8+

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11
Q

What are the 5 domains of Apgar scoring and the points for them?

A

COLOUR: 2 pink, 1 peripheral cyanosis, 0 blue all over
RESPONSIVENESS: 2 strong cry, 1 weak cry,
RR: 2 strong cry, 1 slow/ irregular, 0 apnoeic
TONE: 2 flexion + resisting extension, 1 some flexion, 0 floppy
HR: 2 >100, 1<100, 0 = 0

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12
Q

When is extremely and very preterm?

A

Extremely <28

Very <32

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13
Q

Until what is age is a correct gestational age growth chart used in preterm babies?

A

2 years

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14
Q

What is the use of Mg sulfate in preterm infants?

A

Brain protection reduces cerebral palsy

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15
Q

Delayed cord clamping is for minimum how many seconds

A

Minimum 60secs

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16
Q

What is the use of antenatal steroids in preterm infants?

A

Reduces lung disease, brain haemorrhage, NEC, sepsis

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17
Q

What is a normal neonatal temperature?

A

36.5 - 37.5

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18
Q

What is the management of neonatal hypoglycemia?

A

10% IV dextrose

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19
Q

What type of brain haemorrhage can vit K deficiency cause?

A

Intraventricular

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20
Q

What is the cause of neonatal RDS?

A

Surfactant deficiency in preterm babies

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21
Q

What is seen on CXR in neonatal RDS?

A

Ground glass appearance

also small volume lungs, diffuse granular opacifications

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22
Q

What is the Mx of neonatal RDS?

A

Surfactant replacement + CPAP

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23
Q

What is given to mum to help prevent neonatal RDS?

A

Steroids

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24
Q

What is the main RF for transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

C/S

vaginal delivery helps squeeze fluid into interstitial space

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25
Q

What is the Mx of transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

Self resolves within 48hr

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26
Q

How is NEC diagnosed?

A

AXR thumbprinting gas in bowel

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27
Q

How does NEC initially present?

A

Feeding intolerance, abdo distension, bloody stools

28
Q

Does NEC usually present in first day of life or few weeks after birth?

A

Few weeks after birth

29
Q

Neonatal sepsis organisms

  • GBS during or after delivery
  • Staph during or after delivery
A

GBS during

Staph after

30
Q

When is a TORCH screen done?

A

Neonatal sepsis

31
Q

In neonatal sepsis babies may have a low temp - true or false
Have a high or low threshold for Dx

A

May have low temp

Low threshold

32
Q

What is the antibiotic regime for neonatal sepsis?

A

IV amox + IV ceftriaxone

33
Q

When is neonatal jaundice a red flag?

A

First 24hr

34
Q

What investigation is done for neonatal haemolytic jaundice?

A

Direct Coombs test

35
Q

What is kernicterus?

A

Bilirubin related brain damage

36
Q

Name 4 causes of jaundice in the first 24hr of life

A 
*mainly haemolytic disease*
G6PD deficiency 
Rhesus haemolytic anaemia
Spherocytosis
ABO haemolytic anaemia
37
Q

Breastfeeding is a risk factor for jaundice - true or false

A

True

38
Q

Jaundice from 24hr - 2wk old is usually physiological - true or false

A

True

39
Q

Jaundice should be investigated if it persists after 2wk - true or false

A

True

40
Q

What congenital heart defect is strongly associated with Down’s syndrome?

A

AVSD

41
Q

“Bicuspid aortic valve + coarctation of the aorta” is seen in what genetic syndrome?

A

Turner syndrome

42
Q

“Dilatation of the aorta and mitral regurgitation / mitral valve prolapse” is seen and what congenital syndrome?

A

Marfan

43
Q

What is a thrill / heave?

A

Thrill palpable murmur

Heave moves hand

44
Q

What is prophylaxis for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn? Are all babies given this?

A

All babies get prophylactic IM vit K at birth

45
Q

Is transposition of the great arteries cyanotic or acyantoic?

A

Cyanotic

46
Q

Is coarctation of the aorta cyanotic or acyantoic?

A

Acyanotic

47
Q

Is a VSD or ASD cyanotic or acyantoic?

A

Acyanotic

48
Q

Is tetralogy of fallow cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

49
Q

Is patent ductus arteriosus cyanotic or acyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

50
Q

What congenital heart defect causes a radio femoral delay?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

51
Q

Which congenital heart defect causes a boot shaped heart on CXR?

A

Tetralogy of fallow

52
Q

Patent foramen ovale is present in what percentage of the population?

A

20%

53
Q

Which congenital heart defect causes a continuous machinery murmur?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

54
Q

What are the 4 components of tetralogy of fallot?

A

Over-riding aorta
VSD
RVH
Pulmonary stenosis

55
Q

In patent ductus arteriosus, what drug opens and what closes the duct?

A

Indomethacin closes

Prostaglandin opens

56
Q

In patent ductus arteriosus, there is a connection between what and what?

A

Pulmonary trunk and descending aorta

57
Q

Which congenital heart defect causes a pain systolic murmur?

A

VSD

58
Q

How many grades of murmur are there?

A

Graded 1 - 6

59
Q

Innocent murmurs are systolic or diastolic?

A

Systolic

60
Q

What causes a blueberry muffin rash?

A

CMV

61
Q

A stork mark and salmon patch are both types of?

A

Birthmark capillary haemangioma

62
Q

What are milia? What is the management?

A

Milk spots

Self resolve go away

63
Q

Port wine stain v salmon patch - which is more likely to persist?

A

Port wine stain

64
Q

Infantile spasms are also known as?

A

West syndrome

65
Q

“baby lying flat gets reflux, looks like they’re fitting” also known as

A

Sandiffer syndrome

66
Q

What age does infantile spasms usually present?

A

4 - 8 months

Y4 Child Health (6 decks)

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