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Y4 Child Health > Neonatal > Flashcards

Neonatal Flashcards

1
Q

When is term?

A

37 - 42 weeks gestation

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2
Q

When is the neonatal period?

A

0 - 4 weeks old

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3
Q

What is normal birth weight? What is very low birth weight? What is extremely low birth weight?

A

Normal 2.5. - 4kg
VLBW <1.5kg
ELBW <1kg

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4
Q

Define small for gestational age

A

Below 10th centile for gestation

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5
Q

How is a normal neonatal HR and RR?

A

HR 110 - 160

RR <50/60

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6
Q

Is acrocyanosis a sign of heart disease?

A

No - blue hands/feet +- perioral blueness is normal in neonates

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7
Q

What type of ventilation is 1st line in neonates? What is an important side effect?

A

CPAP

SE pneumothorax

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8
Q

When is a red flag for passage of meconium?

A

> 24hr red flag

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9
Q

What age does the Babinski reflex disappear in infants?

A

1yr

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10
Q

What is a minimum Apgar score? What is a maximum socre? What is a normal score?

A

Min 0
Max 10
Normal 8+

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11
Q

What are the 5 domains of Apgar scoring and the points for them?

A

COLOUR: 2 pink, 1 peripheral cyanosis, 0 blue all over
RESPONSIVENESS: 2 strong cry, 1 weak cry,
RR: 2 strong cry, 1 slow/ irregular, 0 apnoeic
TONE: 2 flexion + resisting extension, 1 some flexion, 0 floppy
HR: 2 >100, 1<100, 0 = 0

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12
Q

When is extremely and very preterm?

A

Extremely <28

Very <32

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13
Q

Until what is age is a correct gestational age growth chart used in preterm babies?

A

2 years

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14
Q

What is the use of Mg sulfate in preterm infants?

A

Brain protection reduces cerebral palsy

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15
Q

Delayed cord clamping is for minimum how many seconds

A

Minimum 60secs

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16
Q

What is the use of antenatal steroids in preterm infants?

A

Reduces lung disease, brain haemorrhage, NEC, sepsis

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17
Q

What is a normal neonatal temperature?

A

36.5 - 37.5

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18
Q

What is the management of neonatal hypoglycemia?

A

10% IV dextrose

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19
Q

What type of brain haemorrhage can vit K deficiency cause?

A

Intraventricular

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20
Q

What is the cause of neonatal RDS?

A

Surfactant deficiency in preterm babies

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21
Q

What is seen on CXR in neonatal RDS?

A

Ground glass appearance

also small volume lungs, diffuse granular opacifications

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22
Q

What is the Mx of neonatal RDS?

A

Surfactant replacement + CPAP

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23
Q

What is given to mum to help prevent neonatal RDS?

A

Steroids

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24
Q

What is the main RF for transient tachypnoea of the newborn?

A

C/S

vaginal delivery helps squeeze fluid into interstitial space

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25
What is the Mx of transient tachypnoea of the newborn?
Self resolves within 48hr
26
How is NEC diagnosed?
AXR thumbprinting gas in bowel
27
How does NEC initially present?
Feeding intolerance, abdo distension, bloody stools
28
Does NEC usually present in first day of life or few weeks after birth?
Few weeks after birth
29
Neonatal sepsis organisms - GBS during or after delivery - Staph during or after delivery
GBS during | Staph after
30
When is a TORCH screen done?
Neonatal sepsis
31
In neonatal sepsis babies may have a low temp - true or false Have a high or low threshold for Dx
May have low temp | Low threshold
32
What is the antibiotic regime for neonatal sepsis?
IV amox + IV ceftriaxone
33
When is neonatal jaundice a red flag?
First 24hr
34
What investigation is done for neonatal haemolytic jaundice?
Direct Coombs test
35
What is kernicterus?
Bilirubin related brain damage
36
Name 4 causes of jaundice in the first 24hr of life
``` *mainly haemolytic disease* G6PD deficiency Rhesus haemolytic anaemia Spherocytosis ABO haemolytic anaemia ```
37
Breastfeeding is a risk factor for jaundice - true or false
True
38
Jaundice from 24hr - 2wk old is usually physiological - true or false
True
39
Jaundice should be investigated if it persists after 2wk - true or false
True
40
What congenital heart defect is strongly associated with Down's syndrome?
AVSD
41
"Bicuspid aortic valve + coarctation of the aorta" is seen in what genetic syndrome?
Turner syndrome
42
"Dilatation of the aorta and mitral regurgitation / mitral valve prolapse" is seen and what congenital syndrome?
Marfan
43
What is a thrill / heave?
Thrill palpable murmur | Heave moves hand
44
What is prophylaxis for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn? Are all babies given this?
All babies get prophylactic IM vit K at birth
45
Is transposition of the great arteries cyanotic or acyantoic?
Cyanotic
46
Is coarctation of the aorta cyanotic or acyantoic?
Acyanotic
47
Is a VSD or ASD cyanotic or acyantoic?
Acyanotic
48
Is tetralogy of fallow cyanotic or acyanotic?
Cyanotic
49
Is patent ductus arteriosus cyanotic or acyanotic?
Acyanotic
50
What congenital heart defect causes a radio femoral delay?
Coarctation of the aorta
51
Which congenital heart defect causes a boot shaped heart on CXR?
Tetralogy of fallow
52
Patent foramen ovale is present in what percentage of the population?
20%
53
Which congenital heart defect causes a continuous machinery murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
54
What are the 4 components of tetralogy of fallot?
Over-riding aorta VSD RVH Pulmonary stenosis
55
In patent ductus arteriosus, what drug opens and what closes the duct?
Indomethacin closes | Prostaglandin opens
56
In patent ductus arteriosus, there is a connection between what and what?
Pulmonary trunk and descending aorta
57
Which congenital heart defect causes a pain systolic murmur?
VSD
58
How many grades of murmur are there?
Graded 1 - 6
59
Innocent murmurs are systolic or diastolic?
Systolic
60
What causes a blueberry muffin rash?
CMV
61
A stork mark and salmon patch are both types of?
Birthmark capillary haemangioma
62
What are milia? What is the management?
Milk spots | Self resolve go away
63
Port wine stain v salmon patch - which is more likely to persist?
Port wine stain
64
Infantile spasms are also known as?
West syndrome
65
"baby lying flat gets reflux, looks like they’re fitting" also known as
Sandiffer syndrome
66
What age does infantile spasms usually present?
4 - 8 months

Y4 Child Health (6 decks)

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