Neo and socio behaviorism

Question 1

what are the 3 stages of behaviorism

Answer 1

1913-1930: Watsonian behaviorism
1930-1960: Neobehaviorism
1960-present: Sociobehaviorism (neo-neobehaviorism) and the return to cognitive processes

Question 2

what is positivism

Answer 2

emphasizes objective data and voids/minimizes theoretical speculation.

Question 3

Logical positivism

Answer 3

divides science into 2 parts

Question 4

empiricism and rationalism together

Answer 4

the empirical ( empirical observation) and 
the theoretical  (rationalism - theoretical terms used to explain that which was observed)

Question 5

what was the problem with theoretical terms?

Answer 5

TOO abstract

Question 6

Bridgman:

Answer 6

The Logic of Modern Physics
precise definition of all physical concepts;
concepts lacking physical referents must be discarded
contemporary use of operational definitions

Question 7

what is a concept?

Answer 7

sam as the procedures by which it is determined

Question 8

Operationism

Answer 8

abstract theoretical concepts are relevant but must be made objective, observable/measurable
( “hunger”)

Question 9

operational definition

Answer 9

a physical concept can be defined in precise terms relating to the set of operations or procedures determined

Question 10

what do operational definitions connect?

Answer 10

theoretical terms to observable phenomena

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

a set of interrelated propositions, a framework for predicting and explaining empirical events.

Question 12

how is theory evaluated?

Answer 12

accuracy of its predictions

Question 13

Neobehaviorism

Answer 13

1. Psychology should study learning
2. Most behavior can be accounted for by the laws of conditioning
3. psychology must adopt the principle of operationism

Question 14

why are critters easier to use?

Answer 14

easier to control variables

Question 15

what differs in critters

Answer 15

perceptual and learning processes

Question 16

who was Edward Chace Toleman?

Answer 16

purposive behaviorism
in animals and men
mentalistic approach

Question 17

what did Toleman have no interest in?

Answer 17

had no interest in any presumed internal experiences unless accessible to objective observation

Question 18

Purposiveness



Answer 18

defined in objective behavioral terms 
behavior is directed toward some goal
Purpose is seen in the behavior itself

Question 19

Later what did Toleman study?

Answer 19

purpose concept used to explain behavior, seen as a determinant of behavior and “inferred” by observers.

Question 20

Purpose is seen as what?

Answer 20

being with the organism

Question 21

what did Toleman come to believe?

Answer 21

cognitive processes were influential in determining behavior.

Question 22

intervening variables

Answer 22

Variables that intervened between environmental events and behavior

Question 23

how did Toleman view purpose and condition?

Answer 23

theoretical constructs used to predict and explain behavior

Question 24

what does Toleman bring to psychology

Answer 24

Abstract Scientific theory

Question 25

what did Toleman go beyond in?

Answer 25

the causes of behavior

Question 26

To understand the behavior one has to know what?

Answer 26

environmental events and the internal, intervening events

Question 27

what were Tolemans most important intervening variables?

Answer 27

Cognitive, mental in nature

Question 28

Independent Variables

Answer 28

Environmental Events

Question 29

Intervening Variables

Answer 29

theoretical constructs

Question 30

Dependent Variables

Answer 30

Behavior

Question 31

what is an example of an intervening variable

Answer 31

thirst (creates stimulus condition)

measures behavior that leads to water

Question 32

what does a rate form in maze learning?

Answer 32

“weak hypothesis”

Question 33

“Sign Gestalt”

Answer 33

a learned relationship between cues and critter’s expectations about what would happen if it chose one path over another.

Question 34

what happens when the rat learns expectancy’s

Answer 34

cognitive map