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history of psychology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

who was the horse’s owner?

A

Mr. Von Osten

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2
Q

what did he want to prove?( horses owner)

A

animals and humans have similar mental processes, but animals are not trained properly

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3
Q

what investigation of the horses ability took place?

A

horses ability with math and hoof stomping

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4
Q

what did a grad student discover( Pfungst)

A

Hans was responding to cues from the questionnaire

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5
Q

who was clever Hans?

A

A horse

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6
Q

what schedule of reinforcement did he learn on?

A

partial reinforcement

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7
Q

why is this significant ?

A

it marks a change in focus from animal consciousness —-animal behavior

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8
Q

introspection by analogy — to what?

A

objective experimentation

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9
Q

Thorndike transitioned between what?

A

functionalism—- behaviorism

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10
Q

what was Thorndike’s focus

A

learning theory

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11
Q

Thorndike was the first to use what as a dissertation?

A

Animals

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12
Q

Thorndike’s puzzle box worked with?

A

kitty cats

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13
Q

what did he do to the kitty cats?

A

trapped them is a box…

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14
Q

what was the only way for them to get out?

A

has to trip a switch to get out

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15
Q

what type of measurement did he use for wrong behaviors?

A

quantitative ( time needed to escape the box)

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16
Q

Thorndike’s theory of learning? 3 things?

A

learning occurs incrementally
through trial and error
learning can occur automatically

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17
Q

Connectionism

A

Thorndike’s word for learning

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18
Q

what was the association between stimuli and response?

A

stimuli and response ( condition and behavior)

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19
Q

What did Thorndike believe?

A

only used/ adaptive behaviors are selected

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20
Q

what does learning occur without ?

A

ideation (ideas purpose)

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21
Q

What terminology did Thorndike use in his Law of Effect

A

mentalistic terminology

22
Q

what is an example of Thorndike’s law of effect and mentalistic terminology??

A

if you do something and you like the result you will remember what you did and how it turned out

23
Q

what is more powerful in the law of effect?

A

reward is more powerful then repetition and punishment

24
Q

what were Thorndike’s contributions?

A 
objective quantification
experimentation 
learning theory 
behavioral focus 
mechanistic
25
Q

who was Margaret washburn?

A

first PhD in psych
animal psych and sensory discrimination
introspection by analogy

26
Q

what was Washburn’s purpose ?

A

to understand animal consciousness through learning

27
Q

What did Thorndike want to understand?

A

learning through learning

28
Q

what is tropism ( Jaques Loeb)

A

involuntary forced movement . consciousness is not necessary

29
Q

Ex. of tropism

A

plants grow toward the light they do this based on external stimuli

30
Q

Charles Henry Turner was ???

A

First African American PhD in Zoology

31
Q

what did Turner study?

A

insects trial and error learning in ants

32
Q

Pavlov was known for what??

A

rigorous experimental control

33
Q

Pavlov’s tower of silence

A

labs were everything was controlled and sound proof.

34
Q

what did Pavlov’s study help advance?

A

objective and quantifiable physiological events

35
Q

who did Pavlov influence?

A

Watson

36
Q

what did Pavlov win a noble prize for??

A

work on digestion ( glandular secretions) which led to conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.

37
Q

can behavior be reduced?

A

YES

38
Q

U=

A

un

39
Q

C=

A

conditioned

40
Q

S=

A

stimulus

41
Q

R=

A

response

42
Q

First there is a what stimulus ?

A

UCS the FOOD

43
Q

2nd is what ?

A

UCR Drooling

44
Q

3rd is what?

A

UCS (Food then CS which is bell ringing)

45
Q

4th is???

A

Drooling (UCR) REPEAT)

46
Q

last is the

A

CS( the bell ringing) and drooling happens with no food.

47
Q

Drooling becomes what?

A

Conditioned response

48
Q

Bekhtereev wrote a book on??

A

Objective psychology

49
Q

what did bekhtereev believe about behavior ?

A

it can be explained by objectivity studying observable reflex’s

50
Q

what did Bekhtereev condition?

A

motor reflexes and muscular movements

51
Q

how did Bekhtereev associate reflexes with?

A

learning to withdraw hand from electric shock due to buzzer

history of psychology (7 decks)

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