Chapter 9 Flashcards
who was the horse’s owner?
Mr. Von Osten
what did he want to prove?( horses owner)
animals and humans have similar mental processes, but animals are not trained properly
what investigation of the horses ability took place?
horses ability with math and hoof stomping
what did a grad student discover( Pfungst)
Hans was responding to cues from the questionnaire
who was clever Hans?
A horse
what schedule of reinforcement did he learn on?
partial reinforcement
why is this significant ?
it marks a change in focus from animal consciousness —-animal behavior
introspection by analogy — to what?
objective experimentation
Thorndike transitioned between what?
functionalism—- behaviorism
what was Thorndike’s focus
learning theory
Thorndike was the first to use what as a dissertation?
Animals
Thorndike’s puzzle box worked with?
kitty cats
what did he do to the kitty cats?
trapped them is a box…
what was the only way for them to get out?
has to trip a switch to get out
what type of measurement did he use for wrong behaviors?
quantitative ( time needed to escape the box)
Thorndike’s theory of learning? 3 things?
learning occurs incrementally
through trial and error
learning can occur automatically
Connectionism
Thorndike’s word for learning
what was the association between stimuli and response?
stimuli and response ( condition and behavior)
What did Thorndike believe?
only used/ adaptive behaviors are selected
what does learning occur without ?
ideation (ideas purpose)
What terminology did Thorndike use in his Law of Effect
mentalistic terminology
what is an example of Thorndike’s law of effect and mentalistic terminology??
if you do something and you like the result you will remember what you did and how it turned out
what is more powerful in the law of effect?
reward is more powerful then repetition and punishment
what were Thorndike’s contributions?
objective quantification experimentation learning theory behavioral focus mechanistic
who was Margaret washburn?
first PhD in psych
animal psych and sensory discrimination
introspection by analogy
what was Washburn’s purpose ?
to understand animal consciousness through learning
What did Thorndike want to understand?
learning through learning
what is tropism ( Jaques Loeb)
involuntary forced movement . consciousness is not necessary
Ex. of tropism
plants grow toward the light they do this based on external stimuli
Charles Henry Turner was ???
First African American PhD in Zoology
what did Turner study?
insects trial and error learning in ants
Pavlov was known for what??
rigorous experimental control
Pavlov’s tower of silence
labs were everything was controlled and sound proof.
what did Pavlov’s study help advance?
objective and quantifiable physiological events
who did Pavlov influence?
Watson
what did Pavlov win a noble prize for??
work on digestion ( glandular secretions) which led to conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.
can behavior be reduced?
YES
U=
un
C=
conditioned
S=
stimulus
R=
response
First there is a what stimulus ?
UCS the FOOD
2nd is what ?
UCR Drooling
3rd is what?
UCS (Food then CS which is bell ringing)
4th is???
Drooling (UCR) REPEAT)
last is the
CS( the bell ringing) and drooling happens with no food.
Drooling becomes what?
Conditioned response
Bekhtereev wrote a book on??
Objective psychology
what did bekhtereev believe about behavior ?
it can be explained by objectivity studying observable reflex’s
what did Bekhtereev condition?
motor reflexes and muscular movements
how did Bekhtereev associate reflexes with?
learning to withdraw hand from electric shock due to buzzer
