Nematodes - roundworms Flashcards
*Ancylostoma Caninum
Common Name: Canine hookworm Zoonotic: Yes Hosts: Dogs Additional Hosts: Parentenic Site of infection: Small Intestine Infective Stage: L3 Mode of Infection: Percutaneous, per os, ingestion, transplacental, transmammary Clinical Signs: Diarrhoea, pneumonia PPP: 2 - 3 weeks Life cycle: Direct life cycle
Ancylostoma Tubaeforme
Same as Ancylostoma canium but in a cat
*Ancylostoma braziliense
Zoonotic: Yes - most zoonotic of all ancylostoma spp. Hosts: Dogs and Cats Additional Hosts: N/A Site of infection: Small intestine Infective Stage: L3 Mode of Infection: Cutaneous Clinical Signs: PPP: Life cycle:
Uncinaria stenocephala
Zoonotic: Yes - but rare Hosts: Dogs and cats Additional Hosts: Parentenic Site of infection: Small intestine Infective Stage: L3 Mode of Infection: Per os, percutaneous Clinical Signs: anaemia, diarrhoea, interdigitial dermatitis PPP: 2 - 3 weeks Life cycle: Direct
*Strongylus vulgaris
Common Name: Large strongyles - “red worms”
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: equine
Additional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: two ear-shaped teeth in mouth capsule
Site of infection: Large intestine
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: Per os
Clinical Signs: thrombo-embolus, colic, fever, anaemia
PPP: 6 months
Life cycle: direct
Larval migration: arterial vessels of intestine
Method of Diagnosis: McMaster, ultrasound
Strongylus edentates
Same as strongylus vulgaris
Characteristics: Globular mouth capsule
PPP: 11 months
Larval migration: liver and abdominal tissues
Strongylus equinus
same as storngylus vulgaris
Characteristics: globular mouth capsule
PPP: 9 months
Larval migration: liver and pancrease
Cyathostomins
Common Name: small strongyles Zoonotic: no Hosts: Equine (#1 parasite in horses) Additional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: rectangular mouth capsule Site of infection: large intestinal Infective Stage: L3 Mode of Infection: per os Clinical Signs: Chornic diarrhoea, colic PPP: 1.5 - 4 months Life cycle: Direct Method of Diagnosis: McMaster
*Syngamus trachea
Common Name: Gapeworm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Avian species
Additional Hosts: PH: earthworm –> increase transmission of mammomonaguamus spp.)
Characteristics: Males and females form a Y - monogamous; eggs have operculum at both poles
Site of infection: trachea or lungs
Infective Stage: L3 or PH
Mode of Infection: Ingestion
Clinical Signs: upper respiratory tract infection –> gasping for air
PPP: 18 - 21 days
Life cycle: Larvae in egg (2 - 7 days) –> L3 in egg is hatched –> migration from liver to lungs to trachea
Method of Diagnosis: Simple floatation or McMaster
Oesophagostomum spp.
Common Name: Nodular worm or pimply worm Zoonotic: no Hosts: cattle, sheep, goats, swine Additional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: Adults - large intestine; larvae - small intestine Infective Stage: L3 Mode of Infection: ingestion Clinical Signs: Poor sow syndrome (pigs) PPP: 3 - 8 weeks Life cycle: n/a Method of Diagnosis: clinical signs, egg count, necrospy
*Ostertagia ostertagi
Common name: Brown stomach worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: cattle (#1 parasite for cattle)
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: Moroccan leather & bottle jaw
Site of Infection: abomasum
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs:
Type I: summer ostertagiosis - morbidity high, mortality low; bottle jaw
Type II: Winter ostertagiosis - morbidity low, high mortality; sever bottle jaw
PPP: 21 days
Life cycle: Direct; arrested development at L4
Method of Diagnosis: McMaster; egg culture
Teladorsagia circumcincta
Similar to ostertagia ostertagi
Host: sheep and goats
PPP: 21 days
PPR is common
Hyostrongylus rubidus
Common name: Stomach worm Zoonotic: no Hosts: Swine Addtional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: n/a Site of Infection: stomach Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: L3 PPP: 21 days Life cycle: Direct Method of Diagnosis: Faecal float
*Haemonchus contortus
Common name: Barber pole worm Zoonotic: no Hosts: Sheep and Goats (#1 killer in sheeps and goats) Addtional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: barber pole appearance Site of Infection: abomasum Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: bottle jaw PPP: 3 - 4 weeks Life cycle: Direct; PPR is common Method of Diagnosis: Season; history; faecal egg count; FAMACHA
Haemonchus placei
Same as Haemonchus contortus
Host: Cattle
Cooperia spp.
host: Cattle, sheep, and goats
Characteristic: Coiled-spring appearance
One of the most common nematodes found in cattle
*Dictyocaulus viviparous
Common name: Lung worm Zoonotic: no Hosts: Bovine Addtional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: n/a Site of Infection: lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: coughing PPP: n/a Life cycle: direct Method of Diagnosis: history & Baermann
Dictyocaulus ilarial
Same as dictyocaulus viviparous
host: Sheep and goats
Dictyocaulus arniefldi
Common name: Lungworm Zoonotic: no Hosts: Donkeys (non-pathogenic); Horses Addtional Hosts: n/a Characteristics: n/a Site of Infection: lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: chronic cough PPP: n/a Life cycle: direct Method of Diagnosis: Baermann
Nematodirus spp.
Common name: Long neck bankrupt worm Host: sheep, goats, and cattle Characteristics: females have a "spine" at the posterior end Site of infection: Small intestine Diagnostic stage: L3 PPP: 3 weeks
Metastrongylus spp.
Common name: Lungworm of pigs Zoonotic: yes Hosts: Pigs Addtional Hosts: IH - earthworm Characteristics: Slender white worm; kink at posterior end of L1 Site of Infection: Lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: coughing PPP: 4 weeks Life cycle: Indirect - requires IH Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of Diagnosis: Baermann
Muellerius spp.
Common name: Lung worm Zoonotic: no Hosts: Sheep and goats Addtional Hosts: IH - Molluscs Characteristics: Kink of tail in L1 Site of Infection: Lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: pneumonia PPP: 6 - 10 weeks Life cycle: indirect; requires IH Diagnostic Stage: L3 Method of Diagnosis: Baermann; "lead shot" lungs
*Parelaphostrongyluls tenuis
Common name: Meningeal worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: White-tailed deer
Addtional Hosts: IH - Mullsuc; Aberrant host - equine, sheep, goats
Site of Infection: nervous tissue in aberrant host
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: neurological disease in aberrant host
PPP: n/a
Method of Diagnosis: clinical signs; presence of white-tailed dear near pasture
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Common name: Cat lungworm Zoonotic: no Host: cats Additional host: IH - snails & slugs; PH - birds, rodents, frogs Characteristics: Kink in tail of L1 Site of infection: Lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: cough Life cycle: Indirect PPP: 6 - 12 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Baermann
Oslerus oserli
Common name: Tracheal worm Zoonotic: no Host: dogs Additional host: n/a Characteristics: Kink tail in L1 Site of infection: lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: coughing Life cycle: direct PPP: 10 - 18 weeks Diagnostic stage: found worldwide in kennels Method of diagnosis: "millet seed" nodules in lungs
Strongyloides stercoalis
Common name: thread worm
Zoonotic: yes
Host: Dogs and cats
Additional host: n/a
Characteristics: L1 found inside egg
Site of infection: Small intestine
Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, prenatal, transmammary
Clinical signs: Diarrhoea; urticaria (hives)
Life cycle: Only adult females found in small intestine
PPP: 8 - 14 days
Diagnostic stage: L3
Method of diagnosis: Baermann if egg has hatched, faecal float if L1 is still in egg
Strongyloides westeri
Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: yes - unable to develop into adult in humans Host: Equine Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 inside egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, transmammary Clinical signs: diarrhoea Life cycle: direct PPP: 8 - 14 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float
Strongyloides papillosus
Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: yes - forms small lesions Host: sheep, goats and cattle Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 inside egg Site of infection: Small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous Clinical signs: diarrhoea Life cycle: direct; larval migration from small intestine to lungs and back PPP: 8 - 14 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float
Strongyloides ransomi
Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: no Host: Swine Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 in egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, transmammary Clinical signs: dehydration and weight loss Life cycle: direct PPP: < 2 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float; piglets can die before eggs are produced
*Toxocara canis
Common name: n/a
Zoonotic: yes - causes visceral and ocular larval migrans
Host: Canine
Additional host: PH - rodents and birds
Characteristics: n/a
Site of infection: small intestine
Mode of infection: ingestion, transplacental or prenatal, transmammary
Clinical signs: intestinal obstruction –> potbelly; entire namatodes passed in faeces
Life cycle: direct; hepatic-tracheal migration
PPP: 3 - 10 weeks
Diagnostic stage: L3
Method of diagnosis: Pot belly, faecal float,
- Toxocara cati
Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes - rare Host: Feline Additional host: PH Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, transmammary Clinical signs: pneumonia Life cycle: direct PPP: 4 - 8 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: faecal float
Toxacaris leonina
Host: dogs and cats
PPP: 10 - 11 weeks
Most common in cooler weather
Parascaris equorum
Common name: n/a Zoonotic: no Host: Equine Additional host: PH Characteristics: adults have 3 lips Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: pneumonia, coughing Life cycle: direct PPP: 10 - 12 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster
*Ascaris suum
Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes - not well understood Host: Swine Additional host: PH - earthworms and dung beetles Characteristics: very large Site of infection: Intestine and liver Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: pneumonia Life cycle: direct PPP: 4 - 8 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster. poor feed conversion, Milk spots (condemned liver)
Ascaridia spp.
Common name: roundworms Zoonotic: no Host: Chicken, domestic fowl Additional host: PH - earthworms Characteristics: largest nematode in poultry; thick shelled egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: loss of appetite, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea Life cycle: Direct PPP: 28 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster, obstructions in small intestine
Heterakis spp
Common name: Poultry cecal worm Zoonotic: no Host: Domestic fowl Additional host: IH - earthworm Characteristics: smaller than Ascaridia spp. Site of infection: Cecum Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: Diarrhoea Life cycle: similar to Ascaridia PPP: 24 - 30 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster
