Nematodes Part II Flashcards
Trichuris Vulpis
Common Name: Whipworm
Host: Dogs
Characteristics: Thick posterior and thin anterior end (whip like); Eggs are lemon shaped w/ plugs
Site of Infection: Cecum/colon
Life cycle: Direct; PPP 6-12 weeks
Method of diagnosis: Faecal Float
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: Bloody diarrhoea –> weight loss
Capillaria spp.
Common Name: n/a
Host: Dogs, Cats, (C. aerophilus) and birds (C. obsignata)
Characteristics: eggs are barrel-shaped and have bipolar plugs
Site of Infection: Cats and dogs: airways, intestinal tract and bladder; birds: alimentary tract
Life cycle: Direct/indirect (species dependent); PPP 9 days - 8 weeks
Method of diagnosis: Necropsy; birds - careful examination of oesophagus, crop
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: Cats and Dogs - non-pathogenic; birds - anaemia and mortality
Trichinella spp.
Common Name: n/a
ZOONOTIC
Host: Mammals, birds, reptiles
Characteristics: Adults are rarely seen; Colied L1 in straited muscle*
Site of Infection: Smal intestine
Life cycle: L1 encysts in straited muscle
Method of diagnosis: Sedimentation; ELISA
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: Only humans exhibit clinical signs
Dioctophyme renale
Common Name: Giant Kidney Worm
Host: Dogs, Foxes, mink
Intermediate host: Earthworm
PH: Frogs or fish
Characteristics: very large nematodes
Site of Infection: Kidney
Life cycle: n/a
Method of diagnosis: abnormal kidney functions
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: n/a
Oxyuris equi
Common Name: Large pinworms
Host: All equids
Characteristics: Eggs are flattened on one side with operculum
Site of Infection: Colon
Life cycle: Typical nematode; PPP 4 - 5 months
Method of diagnosis: Adheisve tape; eggs are NOT found in the faeces*
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: Pruritus; gelatinous secretions around the anus
*Dirofilaria immits
Common Name: Heartworm
Host: Dogs and Cats
IH: Mozzie
Characteristics: microfilariae found in the blood - tapered anterior end with straight tail
Site of Infection: pulmonary artery –> can advance to right heart
Life cycle: mmf develop into L3 in IH; PPP: 6 - 9 months
Method of diagnosis: Antigen test, direct blood smear, radiology
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: small numbers + increased exercise = severe pathological consequences compared to large numbers with no exercise; Wolbachia spp (intracellular bacteria) plays a signficiant role in pathogenesis of heartworm
Cats are less susceptiible –> however once infected it is difficult to diagnosis and there are no approved medication
Spirocerca lupi
Common Name: Oesophageal worm
Host: Dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes
IH: Dung beetle
PH: chicken, birrds, mice, lizards
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: Oesophagus or stomach lining
Life cycle: presence of worms provoke nodule formation of granulomas –> granuloma has fistula which enables the release of eggs by adults; PPP: 6 months
Method of diagnosis: Faecal float w/ sodium nitrate
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: Difficulties swolloing; development of osteosarcoma
Physaloptera spp.
Common Name: n/a
Host: Dogs, Cats
IH: Beetles, cockraoches, crickets
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: small intestine
Life cycle: n/a
Method of diagnosis: faecal float
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: 18% of stray cats on St. Kitts has this
Draschia megastoma & Habronema spp.
Common Name: Stomach Nematode
Host: All equids
IH: Musca spp. or stomaxy calcitrans
Characteristics: Very narrow eggs
Site of Infection: Stomach
Life cycle: what you would except –> L3 develop in the flies
Method of diagnosis: Skin scrapping or faecal float
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs: summer sores, gastritis, D. megastoma can cause nodules in the stomach
