Cestodes - Tapeworms Flashcards
*Dipylidium caninum
Common name: Common tapeworm Zoonotic: yes - rare Host: Dogs, cats, humans Additional host: IH: ctenocephalides spp (fleas) & Trichodectes canis (louse) Characteristics: 2 sets of genital pores; easily recognized proglottides Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: excessive grooming Life cycle: Cysticercoid; requires IH PPP: 21 days Diagnostic stage: Proglottid Method of diagnosis: Adhesive tape; faecal smear
Choanotaenia spp. & Raillietina spp.
Common name: Fowl cestode Zoonotic: yes Host: Domestic fowl Additional host: IH: arthropods Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: Ingestion Clinical signs: not many clinical signs Life cycle: Cysticercoid PPP: 2 - 3 weeks Diagnostic stage: Eggs Method of diagnosis: faecal exam
Anoplocephala spp.
Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes Host: equine Additional host: n/a Characteristics: eggs are irregular shaped (triangular) Site of infection: cecum, small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: non-pathogenic Life cycle: Cysticercoid PPP: 1 - 2 months Diagnostic stage: proglottid Method of diagnosis: faecal centrifugation, faecal float, sedimentation, ELISA
Moniezia spp.
Common name: Milk tapeworm Zoonotic: n/a Host: Sheep and goats Additional host: IH: mites Characteristics: unarmed scolex; triangular eggs Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: unthriftiness. diarrhoea, intestinal obstruction Life cycle: similar to Anoplocephala spp. PPP: 1 - 2 months Diagnostic stage: Proglottids Method of diagnosis: Faecal float
Taenia pisiformis
Host: canine Additional host: IH - rabbits Characteristic: thick shelled egg Site of infection: small intestine Clinical signs: asymptomatic Life cycle: Cysticercus PPP: 40 - 63 days
Taenia Crassiceps
Host: Canine Additional host: small rodents Zoonotic: can infect the eyes in humans Characteristics: smaller than T. pisiformis Life cycle: cystiercus
Taenia taeniaeformis
Host: Feline
additional host: IH - small rodents
Characteristics: larger than T. crassiceps
Life cycle: Strobilocercus
Taenia hydatigena
Host: Canine and bovine
Additional host: IH: sheep
Life cycle: cysticercus
*Taenia saginata
Common name: pearly beef Zoonotic: yes Host: Humans Additional host: IH: bovine Characteristics: can be up to 8m long Site of infection: humans - small intestine; bovine - striated muscle Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: humans have discomfort passing faeces Life cycle: Cysticercus PPP: 70 - 84 days Diagnostic stage: eggs Method of diagnosis: Meat inspection (pearly beef), serology (antigen and antibody tests)
*Taenia solium
Common name: Pearly pork
Zoonotic: yes*
Host: Pigs, dogs, humans
Additional host: n/a
Characteristics: scolex has four suckers and two rows of teeth
Site of infection: Humans - small intestine or brain; pigs/dogs - muscles
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: Humans - infected pork = intestinal discomfort; ingestion of egg from faeces = neurocysticercosis in CNS –> headaches, blindness, dementia, etc.
Life cycle: Cysticercus
PPP: 35 - 84 days
Diagnostic stage: eggs
Method of diagnosis: Serology/PCR in humans, lingual exam in pigs
Echinococcus granulosus
Common name: Hydatid tapeworm Zoonotic: Yes Host: Dogs Additional host: IH: sheep and humans Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: adult - small intestine; larvae - liver and lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: asymptomatic in canine; hydatid cyst in humans (pot belly) Life cycle: Hydatic cyst PPP: 45 - 60 days Diagnostic stage: eggs Method of diagnosis: Faecal flotation; adhesive tape; PCR
Echinococcus multilocularis
Common name: Alveolar hydatid tapeworm
Zoonotic: yes
Host: Dogs and cats
Additional host: IH: rodents livestock and humans
Characteristics: small worms
Site of infection: Adult - small intestine; larvae - liver
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: simiarl to E. granulosus
Life cycle: Alveolary hydatid cysts; sylvatic cycles exist when suitable prey-predator relationship exists
PPP: 45 - 60 days
Diagnostic stage: eggs
Method of diagnosis: faecal float, adhesive tape; condemned liver
Diphyllobothrium latum
Common name: Broadfish tapeworm Zoonotic: yes Host: Humans; fish eating mammals Additional host: IH: crustaceans w/ procercoid; fish w/ plerocercoid Characteristics: scolex with botheria Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: marcrocytic aneamia (restricts uptake of Vit B12) Life cycle: n/a PPP: 5 - 6 weeks Diagnostic stage: eggs Method of diagnosis: faecal float
Spirometra spp.
Host: cats, dogs, racoons
Alternative host: IH: crustaceans, frogs, rodents, birds
Characteristics: Large (2m); scolex with botheria; reproductive organs in the centre of segments
