Insects Flashcards
Musca domestica
Common name: House fly
Host: Domestic animals & humans
Characteristics: Sticky hair on pads; fleshy mouth for sponging
Site of infection: eyes, nostrils, and mouth
Life cycle: ELPA PPP: 7 days - months
Pathogenesis: biological vector for Draschia megastoma and Habronema spp. in horses
Musca autumnalis
Common name: Face fly
Host: Domestic animals and humans
Characteristics: fleshy mouth for sponging
Site of Infection: eyes and muzzles
Life cycle: ELPA PPP: 7 days to months
Pathogenesis: mechanical vector for Keratoconjunctivits; biological vector of Habronema spp. and D. megastoma in horses & Thelazia spp. in cattle)
Stomoxys calcitrans
Common name: Stable fly
Host: Most animals and humans
Characteristics: piercing and sucking mouth parts
Site of Infection: all over the body
Life cycle: ELPA PPP: 7 days to months
Pathogenesis: mechanical vector of anthrax, trypanosomes, and equine infectious anaemia; IH for habronema muscae in horses
Haematobia irritans
Common name: Horn fly
Host: Cattle
Characteristics: 1/2 size of others
Site of Infection: back, sides, abdomen (around horns when not feeding)
Life cycle: ELPA PPP: 7 days to months
Pathogenesis: Transmission of Stephanofiaria; causes economic loss
Culicoides spp.
Common name: Biting midges
Host: Domestic animals and humans
Characteristics: short piercing proboscis; mottled wings
Site of Infection: everywhere
Life cycle: ELPA (4 instars) PPP: n/a
Pathogenesis: only females take blood meals; Transmission of African Horse Sickness, bluetongue virus; IH for Onchocerca cervicalis
Tabanus spp.
Common name: Horse fly
Host: Large domestic animals
Characteristics: highly colourized; mouthpart for slashing and sponging
Site of Infection: Everywhere
Life cycle: ELPA PPP: 4 months to 3 years
Pathogenesis: Only females feed –> infliction of painful bites; mechanical vector for anthrax, pasteurellosis, trypanosomosis, anaplasmosis, equine infectious anaemia, and human filarial disease
Chrysops spp.
Deer Fly
Similar to Tabanus spp.
Characteristics: Prefer shady areas; dark bands across the wing; elongated antennae
Melophagus ovinus
Common name: Sheep ked or sheep tick
Host: Sheep
Characteristics: Hairy and wingless; blood sucking moutpart
Site of Infection: Wool
Life cycle: ELPA (entire life cycle on host)
PPP: n/a
Pathogenesis: loss of conidition and anaemia; transmission of Tryppanosoma lemophagium
Cuterebra spp.
Common name: Rodent/rabbit bot fly or new world skin bot fly
Host: Rodents, rabbits, dogs and cats
Characteristics: adult - vestigial mouth parts (cannot feed); third instar is covered with spines
Site of Infection: subcutaneous connective tissue, nasal, and oral regions
Life cycle: ELPA Pathogenesis: Larvae can migrate to the brain –> infractions
Hypoderma spp. 1. H. lineatum (Beginning of summer) 2. H. bovis (End of summer)
Common name: Warble fly or Heel fly or Cattle Grub
Host: Cattle
Characteristics: Adults - resembles a bee; third instar - dark brown with sines
Site of Infection: 3rd stage larvae on backs of cattle
Life cycle: ELPA Pathogenesis: H. lineatum - lay eggs in a line of 6 or more, larvae accumulate in submuscoa of the esophagus, death in oesophageal wall –> faulty regurgitation; H. bovis - lay a single egg, Accumulate in the epidural fat of spinal cord, death in spinal cord –> paraplegia
Oestrus ovis
Common name: Sheep Nasal Bot Fly zoonotic: yes
Host: Sheep, goats, humans
Characteristics: Adults - lack mouth parts; larvae - striped posterior
Site of Infection: Nasal passage
Life cycle: ELPA; females spurts a jet of liquid containing 25 larvae into the nostrils of adult host
Pathogenesis: excessive secretions; in humans - larvae are laid in the eye or lip
Gasterophilus spp.
Common name: Bot fly
Host: Equine
Characteristics: spines on the intsar
Site of Infection: Stomach
Life cycle: ELPA
Pathogenesis: attachment of instars can provoke inflammatory response
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Common name: Blow fly
REPORTABLE
Host: Livestock
Characteristics: Orange eyes
Site of Infection: Open wounds
Life cycle: ELPA
Pathogenesis: Blowfly strike - laying of eggs by the fly in a wound blow) and the development of the egg (strike)) ; foul smelling lesions created
sarcophagidae
Common name: Flesh flies
Host: livestock
Characteristics: twice the size of houseflies
Site of Infection: wounds and wool
Life cycle: ELPA
Pathogenesis: provides route for secondary bacterial infection
*Trichodectes canis
Common name: Dog biting louse
Host: Canine
Characteristics: blood sucker
Site of Infection: Ears, head, neck, and tail
Life cycle: ENNNA - Ischnoceran louse; whole life cycle on host
Pathogenesis: Pruritus; mechanical vector for D. caninum;
Felicola subrostratus
Cat biting louse similar to trichodectes canis
Damalinia bovis & Damalinia ovis
Common name: Cattle/sheep biting louse
Host: Cattle and sheep
Characteristics: Reddish brown adults
Site of Infection: head, poll, neck, shoulders, rump, and tail
Life cycle: ENNNA - Ischnoceran louse
Pathogenesis: Pruritus, chronic dermatitis
Avian lice
Common name: Biting chewing lice
Host: Domestic fowl
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: dependent on species and host
Life cycle: ENNNA - ischnoceran louse
Pathogenesis: pruritus, sleeplessness inappetence
Linognathus setosus
Common name: Canine sucking louse
Host: Canine
Characteristics: narrow head; slow moving; live clumped together
Site of Infection: head and neck
Life cycle: ENNNA - ischnoceran louse
Pathogenesis: can cause severe anaemia
Linognathus vituli
Common name: Long-nosed cattle louse
Host: Cattle
Characteristics: narrow head than body, slow moving, clumped together
Site of Infection: head, neck, and dewlap
Life cycle: ENNNA - Anopluran
Pathogenesis: pruritus anaemia, and weakness
Linognathus pedalis & Linognathus ovilus
Common name: Ovine foot louse or Ovine face/body louse
Host: Sheep
Characteristics: Blood sucking mouth parts
Site of Infection: lower region of limbs; face, ears, cheeks
Life cycle: ENNNA
Pathogenesis: Can cause severe anaemia
Haematopinus eurysternus
Common name: Short nosed cattle louse
Host: Cattle
Characteristics: Largest louse of domestic animals
Site of Infection: head, neck, back
Life cycle: ENNNA - Anopluran
Pathogenesis: Severe anaemia and weight lost
Haematopinus suis
Common name: Sucking louse of swine
Host: Pigs
Characteristics: among the largest of louse
Site of Infection: neck, jowl, flanks, and inside of legs
Life cycle: ENNNA - Anopluran
Pathogenesis: reslessness –> decrease in production; skin damage
Ctenocephalides felis
Common name: Cat flea
Host: Cats and DOGS
Site of Infection: Skin
Life cycle: ELPA
Pathogenesis: flea bite can cause allergies (allergic dermatitis); mechanical vector of Rickettsia, Bartonella, Dipylidium caninum
Ctenocephalides canis
Dog flea - very similar to cat flea
Cat flea is more commonly found than the dog flea (even on dogs)
Echidnophaga spp.
Common name: Sticktight flea
Host: Domestic fowl
Characteristics: borwn-black in colour; very blunt head
Site of Infection: head, comb, wattles, and eyes
Life cycle: ELPA
Pathogenesis: Ulcerations around the eyes; irritation; blood loss –> aneamia
Cimex spp.
Common name: Bed bugs
Host: Nesting birds and humans
Characteristics: mouthparts for piercing and blood sucking
Site of Infection: Skin
Life cycle: ELPA - w/ 5 larval stages
Pathogenesis: Nymph and adult are blood suckers; allergic reactions can occur
