Nematodes

Question 1

• Name (nematos) means a thread
• most abundant types of worms
• Live in a wide variety of habitats
• Parasitize almost every type of plant and animal
• range in size from being microscopic to some almost 1 meter in length
• Most average about 5 cm (2 inches) in length

Answer 1

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

Question 2

3rd or infective stage; Long, thread-like; Designed for penetration

Answer 2

Filariform larvae

Question 3

• characterized by the presence of a muscular esophagus and bulbular pharynx
• worms leaving the egg

Answer 3

Rhabditiform larvae

Question 4

fluid-filled body cavity lying inside the external body wall of the nematode

Answer 4

Pseudocoelum

Question 5

characteristic of the genus. Size & shape are relatively consistent.

Answer 5

Egg

Question 6

undergo several molts (third stage usually the infective stage).

Answer 6

Larvae

Question 7

varies in size from genus to genus; Range from less than 1 mm to over one meter.

Answer 7

Adult

Question 8

Nematode Anatomy
- fluid-filled chamber that provides structure and locomotion
- transferring the force of muscular contractions to a non-compressible fluid
- pressure is confined by a thick, elastic cuticle made of collagen

Answer 8

hydrostatic skeleton

Question 9

How does Round worms move

Answer 9

Longitudinal muscles work antagonistically against the outer cuticle like a spring.

Question 10

Nematode Digestive System

Answer 10

complete but simple, consisting of a mouth, pharynx, intestine, rectum and anus.

Question 11

Nematode Nervous System

Answer 11

nervous system consists of a ring-shaped ganglia at the anterior end of the body that connects to two nerve cords that run the length of the body

Question 12

Nematode Reproduction

Answer 12

• Most nematodes are dioecious
• exhibit sexual dimorphism
• Fertilization is internal and eggs are stored in the uterus.

Question 13

Term for males and females separate sexes

Answer 13

dioecious

Question 14

Term for males being usually smaller than females

Answer 14

sexual dimorphism

Question 15

four juvenile stages separated by a molting or shedding of the cuticle.

Answer 15

L1-4

Question 16

TWO TYPES of NEMATODES

Answer 16

Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Human Parasitic Nematodes

Question 17

2 Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Answer 17

Ectoparasitic Plant nematodes
Endoparasitic Plant nematodes

Question 18

HUMAN PARASITIC NEMATODES

Answer 18

Intestinal Nematodes
Tissue Nematodes

Question 19

Intestinal Nematodes

Answer 19

Threadworm/Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)
Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)
Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Hookworm (A. duodenale & N. americanus)
Strongyloides (Stongyloides stercoralis)

Question 20

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- also known as pinworms
- tiny parasitic worms that infect the large intestine of humans.
- white and look like small pieces of thread

Answer 20

Threadworm

Question 21

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- Refers to the shape of the worm
- looks like a whip with wider “handles” at the posterior end.

Answer 21

Whipworm

Question 22

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- infest the human digestive tract, specifically the small intestine
- Infection is also sometimes known as ascariasis or acaris

Answer 22

Roundworm

Question 23

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- commonly known as the Old World hookworm
- have hooks on their mouth that help them attach better to the intestines of their host

Answer 23

Hookworm

Question 24

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- Common name threadworm
- most common in tropical or subtropical climates
- Enter the body through exposed skin, such as bare feet

Answer 24

Strongyloides

Question 25

TISSUE NEMATODES

Answer 25

FILARIAL WORMS TRICHINA WORMS

Question 26

Identify the FILARIAL WORMS - adult worms only live in the human lymph system, including the lymph nodes. - Mostly transmitted by black flies and mosquitoes

Answer 26

Lymphatic Filarial Worms

Question 27

Identify the FILARIAL WORMS - Causes subcutaneous filariasis - Occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin, the fat layers

Answer 27

Cutaneous Filarial Worms

Question 28

TRICHINA WORMS

Answer 28

Trichinella Ascaris lumbricoides Hookworms Trichinella spiralis Pinworms Filarial Worms Phylum Acanthocephala Phylum Rotifera

Question 29

Identify the Trichinella Worms - An viviparous nematode parasite - referred to as the "pork worm“. - cause trichinosis (also known as trichinellosis)

Answer 29

Trichinella

Question 30

Identify the Trichinella Worms - human intestinal roundworm - most common worms in humans - Females can grow up to 30 cm long (1 foot). - Females produce up to 200,000 eggs a day. - Adults live in the small intestine and eggs leave the host's body in the feces. - Large numbers of adults cause intestinal blockage and severe abdominal pains

Answer 30

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 31

Identify the Trichinella Worms - their anterior end which curves like a hook - burrow their hook mouths into the intestines of humans and suck blood - cause anemia in people and can delay mental and physical growth in children and cause a loss of energy - Life cycle and transmission is similar to ascarid worms

Answer 31

Hookworms

Question 32

Identify the Trichinella Worms - Responsible for the potentially fatal disease called trichinosis - Females produce live young - Juveniles penetrate skeletal muscles where they burrow and develop into cysts in the muscle tissue - meat from an animal containing nurse cells is ingested, the juvenile worms are liberated into the intestine where they mature as mode of transmission

Answer 32

Trichinella spiralis

Question 33

cysts in the muscle tissue

Answer 33

nurse cells

Question 34

Identify the Trichinella Worms - tropical countries - Causes obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic system - Mosquitos can carry the disease and extreme manifestations can cause elephantiasis.

Answer 34

Filarial Worms

Question 35

most common form of filarial worm. Carried and transmitted by mosquitos, and Can also infect cats, ferrets, sea lions and occasionally humans

Answer 35

dog heartworm

Question 36

condition caused by swelling of certain parts of the body such as the legs, arms, and genitals.

Answer 36

elephantiasis

Question 37

Identify the Trichinella Worms - common worm parasite in the United States - Adults live in the large intestine - Females migrate to the anal region of a human host at night to lay eggs - Scratching contaminates hands and bedsheets - Eggs can then be transmitted and swallowed. - Contamination can be tested by using the “scotch tape method”.

Answer 37

Pinworms

Question 38

Identify the Trichinella Worms - Name means acantho – spine or thorn, cephala – head. - Aka spiny-headed worms - get their name from a proboscis that can be protruded and bears many rows of spines which attach to the intestinal wall of their host - Most parasitize fish, birds, and mammals

Answer 38

Phylum Acanthocephala

Question 39

Identify the Trichinella Worms - Pronounced ro-tif' e-ra - means rota – wheel fero – to bear, the wheel-bearing animals. - name comes from their ciliated crown called a corona - range in size from 40 micrometers to 3 mm - average size is between 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. - cosmopolitan, which means they are found all over the world - Most rotifers live on the bottom of freshwater lakes or ponds -

Answer 39

Phylum Rotifera

Question 40

mouth of Rotifer leads to a muscular pharynx called

Answer 40

mastax

Question 41

Part of a Rotifer producing sticky substance

Answer 41

Pedal Glands