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Micro Para Lec > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q
  • Name (nematos) means a thread
  • most abundant types of worms
  • Live in a wide variety of habitats
  • Parasitize almost every type of plant and animal
  • range in size from being microscopic to some almost 1 meter in length
  • Most average about 5 cm (2 inches) in length
A

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

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2
Q

3rd or infective stage; Long, thread-like; Designed for penetration

A

Filariform larvae

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3
Q
  • characterized by the presence of a muscular esophagus and bulbular pharynx
  • worms leaving the egg
A

Rhabditiform larvae

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4
Q

fluid-filled body cavity lying inside the external body wall of the nematode

A

Pseudocoelum

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5
Q

characteristic of the genus. Size & shape are relatively consistent.

A

Egg

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6
Q

undergo several molts (third stage usually the infective stage).

A

Larvae

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7
Q

varies in size from genus to genus; Range from less than 1 mm to over one meter.

A

Adult

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8
Q

Nematode Anatomy
- fluid-filled chamber that provides structure and locomotion
- transferring the force of muscular contractions to a non-compressible fluid
- pressure is confined by a thick, elastic cuticle made of collagen

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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9
Q

How does Round worms move

A

Longitudinal muscles work antagonistically against the outer cuticle like a spring.

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10
Q

Nematode Digestive System

A

complete but simple, consisting of a mouth, pharynx, intestine, rectum and anus.

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11
Q

Nematode Nervous System

A

nervous system consists of a ring-shaped ganglia at the anterior end of the body that connects to two nerve cords that run the length of the body

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12
Q

Nematode Reproduction

A
  • Most nematodes are dioecious
  • exhibit sexual dimorphism
  • Fertilization is internal and eggs are stored in the uterus.
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13
Q

Term for males and females separate sexes

A

dioecious

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14
Q

Term for males being usually smaller than females

A

sexual dimorphism

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15
Q

four juvenile stages separated by a molting or shedding of the cuticle.

A

L1-4

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16
Q

TWO TYPES of NEMATODES

A

Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Human Parasitic Nematodes

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17
Q

2 Plant Parasitic Nematodes

A

Ectoparasitic Plant nematodes
Endoparasitic Plant nematodes

18
Q

HUMAN PARASITIC NEMATODES

A

Intestinal Nematodes
Tissue Nematodes

19
Q

Intestinal Nematodes

A

Threadworm/Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)
Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)
Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Hookworm (A. duodenale & N. americanus)
Strongyloides (Stongyloides stercoralis)

20
Q

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- also known as pinworms
- tiny parasitic worms that infect the large intestine of humans.
- white and look like small pieces of thread

A

Threadworm

21
Q

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- Refers to the shape of the worm
- looks like a whip with wider “handles” at the posterior end.

A

Whipworm

22
Q

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- infest the human digestive tract, specifically the small intestine
- Infection is also sometimes known as ascariasis or acaris

A

Roundworm

23
Q

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- commonly known as the Old World hookworm
- have hooks on their mouth that help them attach better to the intestines of their host

A

Hookworm

24
Q

Identify the Intestinal Nematodes
- Common name threadworm
- most common in tropical or subtropical climates
- Enter the body through exposed skin, such as bare feet

A

Strongyloides

25
Q

TISSUE NEMATODES

A

FILARIAL WORMS
TRICHINA WORMS

26
Q

Identify the FILARIAL WORMS
- adultwormsonly live in the humanlymphsystem, including the lymph nodes.
- Mostly transmitted by black flies and mosquitoes

A

Lymphatic Filarial Worms

27
Q

Identify the FILARIAL WORMS
- Causes subcutaneous filariasis
- Occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin, the fat layers

A

Cutaneous Filarial Worms

28
Q

TRICHINA WORMS

A

Trichinella
Ascaris lumbricoides
Hookworms
Trichinella spiralis
Pinworms
Filarial Worms
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Rotifera

29
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- An viviparous nematode parasite
- referred to as the “pork worm“.
- cause trichinosis (also known as trichinellosis)

A

Trichinella

30
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- human intestinal roundworm
- most common worms in humans
- Females can grow up to 30 cm long (1 foot).
- Females produce up to 200,000 eggs a day.
- Adults live in the small intestine and eggs leave the host’s body in the feces.
- Large numbers of adults cause intestinal blockage and severe abdominal pains

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

31
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- their anterior end which curves like a hook
- burrow their hook mouths into the intestines of humans and suck blood
- cause anemia in people and can delay mental and physical growth in children and cause a loss of energy
- Life cycle and transmission is similar to ascarid worms

A

Hookworms

32
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- Responsible for the potentially fatal disease called trichinosis
- Females produce live young
- Juveniles penetrate skeletal muscles where they burrow and develop into cysts in the muscle tissue
- meat from an animal containing nurse cells is ingested, the juvenile worms are liberated into the intestine where they mature as mode of transmission

A

Trichinella spiralis

33
Q

cysts in the muscle tissue

A

nurse cells

34
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- tropical countries
- Causes obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic system
- Mosquitos can carry the disease and extreme manifestations can cause elephantiasis.

A

Filarial Worms

35
Q

most common form of filarial worm. Carried and transmitted by mosquitos, and Can also infect cats, ferrets, sea lions and occasionally humans

A

dog heartworm

36
Q

condition caused by swelling of certain parts of the body such as the legs, arms, and genitals.

A

elephantiasis

37
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- common worm parasite in the United States
- Adults live in the large intestine
- Females migrate to the anal region of a human host at night to lay eggs
- Scratching contaminates hands and bedsheets
- Eggs can then be transmitted and swallowed.
- Contamination can be tested by using the “scotch tape method”.

A

Pinworms

38
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- Name means acantho – spine or thorn, cephala – head.
- Aka spiny-headed worms
- get their name from a proboscis that can be protruded and bears many rows of spines which attach to the intestinal wall of their host
- Most parasitize fish, birds, and mammals

A

Phylum Acanthocephala

39
Q

Identify the Trichinella Worms
- Pronounced ro-tif’ e-ra
- means rota – wheel fero – to bear, the wheel-bearing animals.
- name comes from their ciliated crown called a corona
- range in size from 40 micrometers to 3 mm
- average size is between 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- cosmopolitan, which means they are found all over the world
- Most rotifers live on the bottom of freshwater lakes or ponds
-

A

Phylum Rotifera

40
Q

mouth of Rotifer leads to a muscular pharynx called

A

mastax

41
Q

Part of a Rotifer producing sticky substance

A

Pedal Glands

Micro Para Lec (7 decks)

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