Final_Fungi Flashcards
What kingdom is the Fungi is in
Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics of Fungi
- Fungi are not plants
- Nonphotosynthetic
- Eukaryotes
- Nonmotile
- Most saprobes
- absorptive heterotrophs
- store food energy as glycogen
- important decomposers and recyclers of nutrients
- most are multicellular except yeast
- lack true roots, stems, or leaves
- can be edible
- can be poisonous
- some are external or external parasites
- few act like predators and capture prey like round worms
- produce both sexual and asexual pores
- classified by sexual reproductive structures
- environments
Parts of Fungi
- cell wall
- Thallus
- Hyphae
- Mycelium
What are the cell walls of fungi made of ?
Chitin (complex polysaccharide
The body of the fungi
thallus
- they grow as microscopic tubes or filaments found in fungi
- grow from their tips
- tubular in shape
- one continuous cell
Hyphae
- filled with cytoplasm and nuclei
- Multinucleate
Hyphae
Parts of the hyphae
- Stolons
- Rhizoids
- SEPTA
Horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other
Stolons
Rootlike parts of the hyphae that anchor the fungus
Rhizoids
Types of cell division of hyphae
Aseptate - without septa
Septate - with septa
term used to describe how fungi digest food and then absorb it into their bodies
Absorptive heterotrophs
Only fungi that is unicellular
yeast
study of fungi
Mycology
They are the people who study fungi
Mycologists
chemical used to kill fungi
Fungicide
Examples of fungi
- Puffballs
- yeasts
- mushrooms
- toadstools
- rust
- smuts
- ringworm
- molds
what fungi is used to make antibiotic penicillin
Penicillium mold
- ecologically active bodies of fungi
- extensive feeding web of hyphae
- have huge surface area which aids in digestion and absorbtion
Mycelia
Two ways Fungi reproduce
Asexually and Sexually
Most common method of reproduction and produces genitically identical organisms
Asexual Reproduction
Three types of Asexual Reproduction
- Fragmentation
- Budding
- Asexual Spores
Identify Types of Asexual Reproduction
- part of the mycelium separates and begins a life of its own
Fragmentation
Identify Types of Asexual Reproduction
- small cell forms and gets pinched off as it grows to full size
- this method is done by yeasts
Budding
Identify Types of Asexual Reproduction
- production of spores by a single mycelium
Asexual Spores
Fungi does this method of reproduction when conditions are poor and nutrients are scarce
Sexual Reproduction
- Adaptation to life on land
- ensure species will disperse to new locations
- contains reproductive cell that forms new organism
- Nonmotile
- dispersed by wind
Spores
Spores are formed where
- directly in hyphae
- inside sporangia
- on fruiting bodies
modified hyphae that make asexual spores
Fruiting Bodies
upright stalk that supports the spore case or sporangium
Sporangiosphore
the spore case of fungi
Sporangium
Major groups of fungi
- Basidiomycota
- Zygomycota
- Chytridiomycota
- AM Fungi
- Ascomycota
- Lichens
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Club Fungi
Basidiomycota
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Bread Molds
Zygomycota
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Chytrids
Chytridiomycota
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Mycorrhizas
AM Fungi
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Sac Fungi
Ascomycota
Identify which of the Major groups of fungi this belongs to
- Symbiosis (algae and fungi)
Lichens
Beneficial effects of Fungi
- Decomposition
- Biosynthetic factories
- Model for biochemical and genetic studies
- Production of vitamin
- Hormone Production
- Edible
- Production of Insecticides
Harmful Effects of Fungi
- Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth
- Plant diseases
- Animal Diseases
- Human Diseases including allergies
- Toxins of poisonous mushrooms
- Pathogenic
- Parasitic
