Nematoda Flashcards
Dung beetles are intermediate hosts
Spirocerca lupi
Become infected not just from eating dung beetles but also paratenic host like reptiles, birds and rodents
Spirocerca lupi
Larvae in stomach –> migrate to aorta –> migrate to oesophagus
PPT: 5-6 months
Spirocerca lupi
How do you treat Spirocerca lupi infections?
Ivermectin or off label doramectin
Common dog parasite –> puppies can die suddenly at 2-3 weeks of age
Ancylostoma caninum
Significance of A. caninum to human health
Can develop to adults in human intestine and can cause CLM
What differentiates Ancylostoma caninum from other dog hookworms?
Buccal capsule with 3 pairs of teeth
What differentiates Ancylostoma braziliense from other dog hookworms?
2 pairs of teeth in buccal capsule
What differentiates Uncinaria stenocephala from other dog hookworms?
A pair of chitinous plates in buccal capsule
Infection of the host transcutaneously, with L3 from environment, with L3 from milk and with L3 from paratenic hosts is indicative of which parasite?
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm)
Infections with hookworms will occur when?
In dogs of all ages but clinical signs usually only seen in animals younger than 6-12 months (unweaned)
Explain how puppies are infected by the transmammary route in A. caninum infections.
Hypobiotic larvae are present in the mother’s tissues (she acts as a reservoir) and awaken from their arrested development when she initiates parturition.
The pathogenesis of a hookworm infection depends on?
Species of parasite (A. caninum most pathogenic)
Number of parasites
Immunocompetence/age
Iron reserves, nutritional status, stress etc.
Anaemia, bloody faeces and sudden death in puppies 2-3 weeks of age are clinical signs associated with what parasite?
Ancylostoma caninum
What anthelmintics are effective against adult A. caninum?
Pyrantel, Fen-me-flubendazole, Febantel, Nitroscanate, MLs and Emodepside
Name the most common hookworm of cats.
Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3 pairs of teeth)
What are the ascarids of dogs and cats?
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina
What is the significance for human health regarding T. canis?
Can cause VLM and OLM
Morphology and location of T. canis?
Three well defined lips and cervical alae
Small intestine
Infection from embrionated eggs in the environment, ingestion of paratenic hosts and tissues from the mother, are indicative of what parasite?
Toxocara canis
Anorexia, emaciation, abdominal distention, diarrhoea, vomiting, rough hair coat, ill thrift and neurological signs are all clinical signs associated with this parasite.
Toxocara canis
What drugs would you use to treat intestinal stages of Toxocara canis?
Piperazine, pyrantel, fen-me-flubendazole, febantel, MLs, nitroscanate and emodepside
Which ascarid has cervical alae that are broad and end abruptly?
Toxocara cati
Strongyloides stercoralis and felis are located where and how is the host infected?
Small intestine
Ingestion of L3, L3 via the skin, autoinfection or L3 via the milk
Trichuris vulpis is the whipworm commonly found in dogs. What is the whipworm called commonly found in cats?
Trichuris tampanula
How does the host get infected with T. vulpis?
Ingestion of embrionated eggs (PPT 70-100 days)
What are the clinical signs associated with an infection of T. vulpis
Diarrhoea with blood and mucous, tenesmus, weakness, weight loss, anaemia etc.
How would you treat an infection with Trichuris vulpis?
Fen-me-flubendazole
Febantel
Oxantel
What are the advised repeat treatments for Trichuris vulpis?
Repeat at 4 weeks intervals for 3 months
Locates in the wall of the oesophagus (adults) and the stomach and dorsal aorta (immature stages)
Spirocerca lupi
