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Liz's Microbiology Module 1 > Neisseria and Moraxella > Flashcards

Neisseria and Moraxella Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Habitat of Neisseriaceae

A
  • Live on moist mucous membranes of man and other animals (oropharynx, genitourinary tract)
  • In ecological niches, most do not produce disease
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2
Q

General growth requirements of the “pathogenic” species

A

Pathogenic species are fastidious

  • Warmth (37C)
  • Humidity
  • CO2 (5-10%)
  • Enriched media
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3
Q

General growth requirements of the “non-pathogenic” species

A
  • Will grow on most primary media

- Usually do not require CO2 and/or 37C

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4
Q

Prupose of a “Candle Jar”

A

It replaces a CO2 incubator

- A capnophilic environment where CO2 is increased and O2 is decreased (NOT ANAEROBIC)

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5
Q

Atmospheric conditions of a “Candle Jar”

A

3% CO2 environment for culture plates

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6
Q

What are teh 3 types of culture media used to identify Neisseria and Moraxella?

A
  • Non-enriched media
  • Enriched media
  • Selective, enriched media
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7
Q

What are the 3 selective, enriched media that contain antibioitics to inhibit normal flora in Neisseria and Moraxella?

A
  • Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) → Chocolate
  • Martin Lewis (ML) → Chocolate
  • New York City medium (NYC) → Horse blood
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8
Q

Group II Neisseria species

A

“Commensals” often grow on selective media

  • N. lactamica
  • M. catarrhalis (v)
  • N. cinerea (v)
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9
Q

Group III Neisseria species

A

“Commensals” = No growth on selective

  • N. mucosa
  • N. sicca
  • N. subflava
  • N. flavescens
  • M. catarrhalis
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10
Q

Group I Neisseria species

A

“Pathogenic” = growth on selective media

  • N. meningitidis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
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11
Q

____ and ____ require iron and compete w/ host by binding transferrin

A

Pathogenic Neisseria:

N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoaea

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12
Q

Why can’t you get gonorrhoaea from the lab?

A

N. gonorrhoeae have pili in virulent strains which are lost upon subculture

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13
Q

2 types of oxidase tests

A
  • Filterpaper method

- Plate method

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14
Q

Laboratory identification tests of Neisseria and Moraxella (10)
***impossible to memorize!!!

A

Probes

  • Oxidase Test
  • Catalase Test
  • Superoxol Test (30% H2O2)
  • Biochemicals
  • MALDI-TOF
  • FA, co-aggultination
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT)
  • Enzymatic procedures
  • Growth requirements
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15
Q

ONPG tests

  • What does it detect?
  • How long is the test?
  • Color for pos and neg
A
  • Detects late lactose fermentation
  • 4 hour test
  • Pos = yellow; neg = clear
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16
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

- Disease caused?

A

gent of gonorrhea (eye infections, septicemia, pharyngitis, arthritis)
- anogenital vs. non-genital infections

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17
Q

N. gonorrhoaea

- How diagnosis is made?

A

First day you get “suspicious or presumptive tests then you have to run confirmatory tests

18
Q

First day “suspicious” or “presumptive” ways of identifying N. gonorrhoeae (5)

  • Colonial morphology
  • Oxidase
  • Microscopic morphology
  • ONPG
  • Catalase
A
  • Small, creamy, moist, transluncent-brownish colonies
  • Oxidase positive
  • GN diplococci
  • ONPG negative
  • Superoxol (30% H2O2) → strongly positive
19
Q

“Presumptive” positive plus confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae by one of the following… (5)

A
  • MALDI-TOF
  • Probe from colony
  • Fluorescent Ab
  • Rapid/CTA sugars (glucose positive only)
  • Enzymatic or coagglutination
20
Q

____ confirming tests using different principles are required for isolates from patients less than 18 years old. Isolates must be ____

A

Two; frozen

21
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

- Proper specimen collection

A
  • Dacron or rayon swabs are used (cotton or calcium alginate swabs are inhibitory)
22
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

- Lab methods for identification

A
  1. GNID slide test performed on male genital cultures
    - GN diplococci must be seen w/in cytoplasm of segs
  2. Target amplification nucleic acid test
23
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

- Proper transport

A
  • Amies transport medium

- Jembec plate and transgrow bottles

24
Q

May be normal respiratory flora (humans only)

A

Neisseria meningitidis

25
Q

N. meningitidis

- Diseases caused

A
  • Meningitis
  • Septicemia
  • DIC
  • Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
26
Q

N. meningitidis

- Patient populations at risk

A
  • Young adults are the most common age group (army barracks, college dorms, camps. etc.)
  • Infants (not newborns) are also at risk
27
Q

True or false: GNCs have to be intracellular

A

False: GNCs don’t have to be intracellular

28
Q

Disease where there is a hemorrhage into adrenal glands, shock, then rapid death (12-24 hours)

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

29
Q

N. meningitidis

- Safety in lab

A

Work with under a safety cabinet b/c it’s a biosafety Level 2!

30
Q

N. meningitidis

  • CSF on what type of culture?
  • Oronasopharyngeal on what type of culture?
A

CSF: cultured on noselective media (CHOC)
ORO: cultured on selective and nonselective media

31
Q

First day “suspicious” or “presumptive” ways of identifying N. meningitidis (5)

  • Colonial morphology
  • Oxidase
  • Microscopic morphology
  • ONPG
  • Catalase
A
  • Small, creamy, moist, translucent-brownish colonies
  • Oxidase positive
  • GN diplococci
  • ONPG negative
  • Catalase positive
32
Q

“Presumptive” positive plus confirmation of N. meningitidis by one of the following…(4)

A
  • MALDI-TOF
  • Probe from colony
  • Fluorescent Ab
  • Rapid/CTA sugars (glucose, maltose positive)
33
Q

There is a vaccine for N. meningitidis recommended for military recruits, college students, micro lab workers, individuals w/ immune deficiencies, or travelers to endemic areas. NOT yet effective against ____

A

Serogroup B

34
Q

Prophylactic treatment for at-risk individuals and for treatment of N. meningitidis index cases

A

Prophylaxis (Rifampin)

35
Q

Usually non-pathogenic, mostly recovered from nasopharyngeal areas as usual flora, occasionally isolated from blood, CSF (pathogenic)

A

N. lactamica

36
Q

N. lactamica

  • Rapid/CTA sugars
  • ONPG
A
  • Glucose, maltose, lactose positive

- ONPG positive

37
Q

In N. lactamica, late lactose fermenters can be misidentified as ____ unless ____ is run

A

N. meningitidis; ONPG

38
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

- Colonial characteristics

A

Gray-white colonies, difficult to emulsify, “hockey-puck” colonies

39
Q

Part of normal human oropharyngeal flora, and common in children (ear, sinus infections)

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

40
Q

What can be misidentified as N. gonorrhoeae? How do you tell them apart?

A
  • N. cinerae can be misidentified as N. gonorrhoeae

- Colistin susceptibility testing (N. cinerae = S, N. gonorrhoeae = R)

41
Q

N. sicca and N. subflava

- Colonial characeristics

A

Yellow to greenish, often dry or wrinkled colonies

Liz's Microbiology Module 1 (11 decks)

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