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Liz's Microbiology Module 1 > Haemophilus and Bordetella > Flashcards

Haemophilus and Bordetella Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Very tiny GNRs, very fastidious, capnophilic

A

Haemophilus

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2
Q

Hemin/hematin, derived from RBCs, heat stable

A

X factor

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3
Q

NAD; Present in yeast extract (CHOC), RBCs contain this w/ an enzyme inactivator, produced by S. aureus, Neisseria, and S. pneumoniae

A

V factor

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4
Q

Why is a suspension first made in broth before testing for X and V factor?

A

To dilute any X factor carried over from the plate

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5
Q

These two medias do not contain any X or V factor

A

T. soy or Mueller Hinton agar

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6
Q

SBA contains which factors?

A

X only

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7
Q

Chocolate agar contains which factors?

A

X and V

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8
Q

Rabbit blood agar contains which factors?

A

X and V

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9
Q

Fildes enrichment contains which factors?

A

X and V

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10
Q

Rabbit or horse blood hemolysis looks for the presence of ____ hemolysis

A

Beta

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11
Q

Which two species are beta hemolytic?

A

H. haemolyticus and H. parahemolytics

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12
Q

Alternative test for determining X factor; eliminates problem of hemin carryover; fluorescence positive

A

Porphyrin test

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13
Q

Meningitis was the leading cause in young children before Hib vaccine and was caused by ____ ____

A

H. influenzae

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14
Q

This is a secondary invader after H. influenzae

A

Pneumonia

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15
Q

Infection from H. influenzae in the respiratory tract area

A

Otitis media, epiglottitis

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16
Q

Primary virulence factor of H. influenzae

A

Capsule

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17
Q

Serotypes of H. influenzae are based on the ____

A

Capsule

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18
Q

Encapsulated strains of H. influenzae are more likely to be ____, whereas nonencapsulated strains are ____ and often part of the normal respiratory flora

A

Invasive; noninvasive

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19
Q

Vaccination against invasive Type b strains of H. influenzae

A

Hib (“Haemophilus influenzae type b”) vaccine

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20
Q

Blood cultures are positive in vasive infections, smooth colonies on chocolate agar, requires both X and V factors, non-hemolytic on Rabbit blood agar

A

H. influenzae

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21
Q

Requires only V factor, hemolytic on rabbit blood agar

A

H. parahemolyticus

22
Q

Requires only V factor, non-hemolytic on rabbit blood agar

A

H. parainfluenzae

23
Q

Requires X and V facctors, hemolytic on rabbit blood agar

A

H. hemolyticus

24
Q

Former strain of and identified as H. influenzae, causative agent of contagious conjunctivitis (“pinkeye”)

A

H. aegyptius

25
Q

Biogroup of H. influenzae primarily in South America; agent of Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) an ddpurulent conjuctivitis; high mortality rate

A

H. aegyptius

26
Q

Not prt of normal flora; agent of “soft chancre” or “genital ulcer disease”; STD; painful ulcerative genital lesion; enlarged lymph nodes; very fastidious; slow grower (5-7 days) on chocolate agar

A

H. ducryei

27
Q

HACEK group; indigenous to upper respiratory tract; fastidious; endocarditis, septicemia in immunocompromised patients

A

Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus

28
Q

Gram variable pleomorphic rods; common cause of bacterial vaginosis; can be sexually transmitted

A

Gardnerella vaginallis

29
Q

↑ in pH of vaginal fluid (> 4.5), ↓ Lactobacillus (normal flora), overgrowth of seeral normal flora organisms, not an infection

A

Bacterial vaginosis

30
Q

How can you diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

A

Culture is NOT useful; direct exam for “clue cells” (wet prep or gram stained); foul odor of clear, watery exudate; amine test in 10% KOH or vaginal pH > 4.5

31
Q

Describe clue cells

A

Squamous epithelial cells plastered w/ variable rods

32
Q

Does not require X or V factors; inhibition by SPS (sodium polyanethol sulfonate) disk, S. pneumoniae inhibition

A

G. vaginalis

33
Q

Stain poorly, small GN coccobacilli,, noninvasive, does not require X or V factors

A

Bordetella

34
Q

Agent of pertussis or “whooping cough”, spread by respiratory route

A

Bordetella pertussis

35
Q

Toxin produced by organism in B. pertussis ____ ____, and causes accumulation of thick mucous

A

Paralyzes cilia

36
Q

What are the 3 stages of pertussis?

A
  1. Catarrhal
  2. Paroxysmal
  3. Convalescent
37
Q

Symptoms of a cold, duration of 1-2 weeks, the IDEAL time to culture, rhinorrhea, malaise, fever, sneezing, anorexia

A

Catarrhal stage

38
Q

Characteristic cough/whoop, duration of 2-4 weeks, vomiting, leukocytosis

A

Paroxysmal stage

39
Q

Duraction for (3-4 weeks) or longer; diminished paroxysmal cough, development of secondary complications such as pneumona, seizures, and encephalopathy

A

Convalescent stage

40
Q

Describe pertussis in infants

A

Life-threatening, choking, apena, may not be a cough

41
Q

Describe pertussis in adults

A

Hernia, broken ribs from coughing, often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, high risk for transmitting disease to infants

42
Q

Lab identification of B. pertussis by 4 methods

A
  • Culture
  • PCR
  • Nasopharyngeal culture
  • Cough plates
43
Q

Recommended method for culture for B. pertussis

A

Nasopharyngeal culture using flexible calcium alginate or Dacron swabs

44
Q

B. pertussis secretes ____ ____ which builds up and inhibits growth; how do we prevent this?

A

Fatty acids; charcoal or increased blood in medium to neutralize fatty acids

45
Q

Which types of media are used to isolate colonies of B. pertussis?

A
  • Bordet-Gengou (potato-glycerol w/ increased blood)
  • Charcoal cephalexin blood agar
  • Regan-Lowe agar (incubate 7 days)
  • Amies (w/ charcoal) or Regan-Lowe transport media
46
Q

Vaccines for infants vs. adults

A

DTaP for infants, TdaP booster for adults (aP = acellular pertussis, D = Diphtheria, T = tetanus)

47
Q

Increased incidence of B. pertussis due to…

A

Non-immunized children, vaccines are serotype specific or short-lived, adults not receiving boosters

48
Q

Small percentage of “whooping cough” cases, milder disease, brown pigment, may grow on SBA, MAC agar

A

B. parapertussis

49
Q

Present in dogs (kennel cough) and other animals, mild respiratory infection, RAPID UREASE, cross reacts w/ B. pertussis and B. parapertussis on fluorescent Ab, may grow on SBA or MAC agar

A

B. bronchiseptica

50
Q

If you don’t have any X factor, what can you use?

A

SBA

51
Q

If you don’t have any V factor what can you do?

A

Add yeast to T. soy (Staph streak)

52
Q

If you don’t have any XV factor, what can you do?

A

SBA w/ Staph streak (satellitism)

Liz's Microbiology Module 1 (11 decks)

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