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Liz's Microbiology Module 1 > Introduction to Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Introduction to Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Localization of pus (polys or segmented neutrophils) in a walled off area

A

Abscess

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2
Q

Infection w/ sudden onset and usually shorter duration

A

Acute infection

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3
Q

Presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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4
Q

Bacteria “just passing through” blood, temporary such as in brushing teeth/bowel movements

A

Transient bacteremia

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5
Q

Bacteremia w/ multiplication of bacteria and host signs/symptoms

A

Septicemia (sepsis)

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6
Q

Host harboring a pathogen w/o manifesting symptoms (can transmit)

A

Carriers (carrier state)

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7
Q

Involvement and spreads b/w layers of subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis

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8
Q

Long standing infection

A

Chronic infection

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9
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA)

A

CDC

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10
Q

Population of a body site w/ microorganisms that are not causing disease

A

Colonization

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11
Q

One benefits but no harm to other

A

Commensal

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12
Q

Spread of infection to distant sites

A

Dissemination

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13
Q

Accumulation of fluid in tissues due to increased vascularization (swelling)

A

Edema

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14
Q

Disease or organism indigenous to a certain geographic area

A

Endemic

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15
Q

Infection from hosts own flora (peritonitis, UTI, etc.)

A

Endogenous infection

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16
Q

Disease affecting large number of people in a geographical area

A

Epidemic

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17
Q

Redness (increased blood flow to area)

A

Erythema

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18
Q

agent acquired from outside host’s body

A

Exogenous infection

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19
Q

“Usual”, “normal”, indigenous, frequently found in that body site in healthy individuals

A

Flora

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20
Q

Chronic inflammation w/ collection (mass) of macrophages, usually forming small nodules

A

Granuloma

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21
Q

Occurs as a result of medical procedure (urine catheterization, transplant, etc.)

A

Iatrogenic infection

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22
Q

Ability to penetrate and grow in tissues (may be local or disseminated)

A

Invasion

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23
Q

Number of cases of a disease

A

Morbidity

24
Q

Number of deaths caused by disease

A

Mortality

25
Q

Cell/tissue death, usually caused by enzymes or restriction of blood flow

A

Necrosis

26
Q

Hospital acquired

A

Nosocomial

27
Q

Cause disease only if host is compromised

A

Opportunistic pathogen

28
Q

One organism benefits at expense of another (small % of bacteria are parasitic)

A

Parasite

29
Q

Capable of causing disease

A

Pathogen (pathogenic) or virulent

30
Q

Ingestion by WBC

A

Phagocytosis

31
Q

Both benefit

A

Symbiotic

32
Q

Ability to cause disease

A

Virulence

33
Q

Acquired from contact w/ animals

A

Zoonotic

34
Q

What types of behavior by humans cause infectious disease?

A

Overcrowding, trade practices, travel, domestication of animals, and sexual practices

35
Q

Old infections w/ new concerns

A

Tuberculosis, syphilis, Black Plague, influenza, anthrax, small pox

36
Q

Infectious diseases ____ leading cause of death in the US and were #1 until this year

A

Third

37
Q

List “new”infectious diseases

A

AIDS, Legionnaires Disease, Lyme Disease, Toxic Shock, Ebola, SARS, West Nile, Swine Flu, Hep B, Hep C, Hanta Fever, Resistant and multiresistant (MRSA, VRE, Malaria), and immunocompromised patient infections from normal flora

38
Q

3 chronic diseases that have been associated w/ infectious disease

A

Helicobacter pylori, Human Papillmavirus, Hepatitis C

39
Q

Associated condition w/ Helicobacter pylori

A

Cause of peptic ulcers

40
Q

Associated organism/cause of HPV

A

Cervical cancer, throat cancer

41
Q

Associated cause of Hep C

A

Liver carcinoma

42
Q

Associated cause of West Nile Virus

A

Poliomyelitis-like paralysis

43
Q

3 elements involved in the “triad of infectious diseases”

A

Infectious agent, host, and environment

44
Q

6 bacterial virulence factors

A

Toxins, invasiveness, capsules, certain Ags, adherence, and enzymes/hemolysins

45
Q

A protein liberated by intact organisms, GP and GN bacteria, heat labile, some converted to toxoids (inactive form)

A

Exotoxins

46
Q

Lipopolysaccharide liberated by lysing cells (antibiotic alert), primarily GN bacteria, healt stable, produce fever, shock, DIC, no antitoxins are produced against these, inside cell

A

Endotoxins

47
Q

1st line of defense in host resistance

A

Skin

48
Q

4 host resistance factors

A

Physical barriers, usual flora space and nutrient competition, cleansing mechanisms, immune defenses

49
Q

Which organism is able to survive and multiply intracellularly?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

50
Q

Susceptible to infections w/ opportunistic pathogens

A

Immunodeficient hosts

51
Q

Immunodeficiency may be due to,,,,list

A

Genetics, diet (starvation), drugs (steroids, chemo, antibiotics), cancer, disease (AIDS, diabetes), newborn, elderly, or pregnancy

52
Q

Routes of transmission (list 6)

A

Air (inhalation), food and water (ingestion), close contact (salivary, skin, sexual), cuts and bites (human vs. animal), anthropods (tick, flea), zoonoses (contact w/ animals)

53
Q

Areas w/ usual flora that begin at birth

A

Skin, mouth, upper respiratory tract, intestines, vagina

54
Q

Areas taht are normally sterile, no usual flora

A

Blood, CSF, joint fluids, organs, tissues not exposed to outside, upper respiratory tract and genital tract, lower respiratory tract

55
Q

All organisms can be pathogenic in ____ areas

A

Sterile

56
Q

These organisms are considered “usual flora” in certain areas

A

Commensals

57
Q

How can you prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

A

HANDWASHING, vaccines, public health measures (sanitation of food and H2O, animal vector control, education)

Liz's Microbiology Module 1 (11 decks)

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