Need to Know Numbers for Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Macronutrient

Recommendations

A

National Reserach Counsil recommendations (AMDR)

Percentage of total calories from macronutrients:

Fat: 20-35%

Carbohydrate: 45-65%

Protein: 10-35%

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2
Q

Energy Units

A

1 Cal = 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ

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3
Q

BMR

Estimates

A

Rough estimate for BMR: 1 kcal/hr/kg

Another version often used in hospitals:

25 kcal/kg/24 hrs

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4
Q

Prenancy

Folate Supplementation

A

Folate supplementation recommended for all females who might get pregnant:

400 mcg/day

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5
Q

Respiratory Quotinents

A

RQ values for burning

100% fat: 0.7

100% carbohydrates: 1.0

Significance of RQ > 1: excessive calories, fat synthesis

Significance of RQ

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6
Q

Macronutrient

Calorie Content

A

kcal/g for

Fat: 9

CHO: 4

protein: 4

ethanol: 7

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7
Q

Weight Loss

A

Energy deficit of 3,500 kcal/lb of body weight needed for weight loss

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8
Q

PARs

A

Approximate PARs for

light exercise: 1-2

moderate exercise: 2-4

heavy exercise: 4-15

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9
Q

Thermic Effect

A

Thermic effect as % of calories ingested:

10%

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10
Q

Injury Factors

A

Approximate injury factors for

trauma: 1.4

sepsis: 1.6

burns: 2.1

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11
Q

Fiber RDA

A

20-35 g/day

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12
Q

Cholesterol RDA

A

Recommended dietary cholesterol intake < 300 mg/day

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13
Q

Fat Recommendations

A

50% of total fat as MUFA

< 7% of total calories as saturated fats

If possible, no more than 8-10% of total calories

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14
Q

Sodium Recommendations

A

Dietary sodium intake: < 2,300 mg/day

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15
Q

Protein Recommendations

A

Protein for healthy adults: 0.8 g/kg/d

Effect of illness on protein requirements.

e.g. up to 2 g/kg/d for burn patients

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16
Q

Nitrogen Content

A

Nitrogen constitutes ~ 16% protein by mass

17
Q

Nitrogen Balance Equation

A

Nitrogen balance = intake (g/24h) - (UUN (g/24h) + 4g)

Applies when UUN is the measured quantity.

18
Q

Serum Albumin

A

Normal serum albumin levels:

3.5 - 5.5 g/dL

19
Q

Weight Categorizations

A

Adult BMI values:

normal = 18.5 - 24.9 (may be up to 27 for some groups)

overweight: 25-29.9

obese: 30-39.9

severely obese: ≥ 40

Children’s Growth Charts:

85th → 95th %le: overweight

> 95th %ile: obese

20
Q

Fasting Glucose

A

Normal fasting BGL: 70 - 110 mg/dL (now 100 by ADA)

Conversions:

(mM x 18) = mg/dL

mg/dL/18 = mM

21
Q

Malnutrition

A

An unintentional weight loss of > 10% in 6 months.

22
Q

Waist Size

A

Waist size as a criterion for obesity:

all women: waist > 35.5 inches

men under 40: waist > 40 inches

men 40 or older: waist > 36 inches

23
Q

Transferrin Saturation

Interpretation

A

Percent of transferrin saturation:

<25%: iron deficient

25-50%: normal

>50%: hemochromatosis