Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

7 PATH 1 > NECROSIS > Flashcards

NECROSIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is necrosis?

A

A condition of cell death through injury of diseases, especially in a localized area of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to the cytoplasm during Necrosis?

A

Cytoplasm undergoes digestion by enzymes released from lysosomes and phagocytic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do lysosomes of necrotic cells release?

A

Lysosomal enzymes for this purpose only when the cell is lethally injured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does cell digestion promote?

A

Elimination of the necrotic cell and thus speeds up the healing process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Necrosis simple definition:

A

When there is IRREVERSIBLE changes within the cell, and it dies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the necrosis forms?

A

1) Coagulative
2) Liquefactive
3) Casseous
4) Gummatous
5) Zenker’s
6) Fat Necrosis (Steatonecrosis)
7) Fibrinoid
8) Gangrene
9) Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Coagualative Necrosis imply?

A

It implies the preservation of basic outline of coagulated cells for a period of at least some days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the cells look like in regard to Coagulative Necrosis ?

A

There is death of some cells but the tissue is strong enough to prevent the whole tissue to be affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms in Coagulative Necrosis?

A

SCAR TISSUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Coagulative Necrosis characterized by?

A

1) Denaturation of cytoplasmic proteins
2) Breakdown of cell organelles
3) Cell swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of Coagulative Necrosis?

A

Myocardial Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain why Myocardial Infarction would be an example of Coagulative Necrosis:

A

The left ventricle after an attack is strong enough to only do cell necrosis and keep the blood inside the heart preventing the persons death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Infarction?

A

It is a zone/portion of necrosis inside a tissue caused by oxygen deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 types of Infarction?

A

White and Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is “White Infarction?”

A

A characteristic of a single blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is “Red Infarction?”

A

It develops in the tissue because of dual blood supply

hemorrhagic lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens during Liquefactive Necrosis?

A

There is complete digestion of the dead cells, resulting in transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Liquefactive Necrosis characterized by?

A

1) Complete digestion of the dead cells

2) Transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would be an example of Liquefactive Necrosis?

A

Ischemic stroke to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during Ischemic stroke to the brain?

A

This form of Necrosis develops in the nervous tissue, especially in the brain, where there is little/no collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens after ischemic stroke to the brain (Liquefactive Necrosis)?

A

WBC’s remove the debris and there are spaces left in the brain “Holes in the Brain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Casseous Necrosis aka

A

Cheese Like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 types of Casseous Necrosis?

A

1) Amorphous granular debris composed of Fragmented Coagulated cells
2) Amorphous granular debris enclosed within a distinctive inflammatory border known as Granulomatous Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

A collection of immune cells that are trying to get rid of a foreign substance but are unable to eliminate forming this inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does Casseous Necrosis cause?

A

Caves and holes destroying vessels causing Profuse Respiratory Hemorrhages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does caseous Necrosis affect?

A

All but hair and Nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are examples of Casseous Necrosis?

A

Tuberculosis and Leprosy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does Gummatous Necrosis Develop?

A

Only in Syphillis aka Luis Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Gummatous Necrosis

A

This is death of the tissue caused by Treponema Pallidum and usually requires sexual transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is aka of Syphilis?

A

Luis Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When is Syphillus not curable?

A

When it’s in the tertiary stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Primary Syphillus?

A

Single Chancre (painless skin ulceration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is Secondary Syphillus?

A

Involves skin of the hand and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Tertiary Syphilis?

A

Involves gummas (type of granuloma), the CVS and NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Tertiary syphilis?

A

Numbness and Paresthesia affecting the NS and CVS

36
Q

If the spinal cord is affected in the (posterior column) in Tertiary Syphillis, what is it called?

A

It is called Tabes Dorsalis

37
Q

What is the name of the gray matter atrophying in Tertiary Syphillis?

A

General Paresis aka General Paresis of Insane

38
Q

What is Zenker’s Necrosis?

A

It is a severe glassy or waxy necrosis of skeletal muscles in acute infectious diseases

39
Q

What is an example of Zenker’s Necrosis?

A

Typhoid/ Typhoid fever

40
Q

What is Typhoid fever caused by?

A

Salmonella Bacteria

41
Q

How does the Typhoid fever (Zenker’s Necrosis) occur?

A

Infection occurs by ingesting contaminated food or water. Prevented by washing hands

42
Q

What is another way that Zenker’s Necrosis can occur?

A

Snake Bite causing Necrosis of the tissue

43
Q

What is Fat Necrosis (Steatonecrosis)?

A

Necrosis of adipose tissue, characterized by formation of small quantities of calcium soaps, product of fat when is hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids

44
Q

What is an example of Pancreatic Necrosis aka Pancreonecrosis?

A

Gall bladder stones block the bile duct so pancreas secretions are also blocked leading to degradation of pancreas

45
Q

What can happen during Pancreatic Necrosis (Fat Necrosis)?

A

It is a very common cause of death (within hours) in young people especially females

46
Q

Where does Fibrinoid Necrosis occur?

A

In walls of blood vessels when endothelial and smooth muscle cells are injured and dying

47
Q

When is Fibrinoid Necrosis usually developed?

A

In immunologically mediated disorders or immunopathologies

Active Immune System Participation

48
Q

What is an example of Fibrinoid Necrosis?

A

Aschoff’s Nodes

49
Q

What are Aschoff’s Nodes?

A

Neurotic Nodules located in heart as a cause of inflammation (strep infection)

50
Q

Where would Aschoff’s Nodes be seen?

A

In individuals with Rheumatic Myocarditis

Histological findings of rheumatic myocarditis are Aschoff’s Nodes

51
Q

Histological findings of Rheumatic Myocarditis are ______

A

Aschoff’s nodes

52
Q

What is Gangrene Necrosis?

A

A serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies

53
Q

Gangrene is also known as _____

A

Gangrene of extremities and intestines (affect both)

54
Q

What is Gangrene characterized by?

A

It is a form of coagulative necrosis characterized by presence of noxious products of anaerobic bacterial metabolism

55
Q

What is Gangrene (Gangrenous Necrosis) associated with?

A

Infection, infection leads to gangrenous necrosis.

Lack of blood supply (could be a form of necrosis already existing)

56
Q

What are the 3 types of Gangrene?

A

Dry, Wet, Gas

57
Q

What is happening during Dry Gangrene?

A

Coagulation is sustained

58
Q

What can be the 3 causes of “Dry Gangrene?”

A

Ischemia, Atherosclerosis , and Diabetes Mellitus

59
Q

What is Ischemia?

A

Lack of blood supply to the organ or tissue

60
Q

What disease would you see ischemia associated with Dry gangrene?

A

Distal parts of fingers in Systemic Sclerosis (aka scleroderma).

61
Q

What is systemic sclerosis?

A

Over activity of the fibroblasts (make CT)

62
Q

What is a symptom associated with systemic sclerotic tissue?

A

Claw hands

63
Q

What is Atherosclerosis associated with?

A

Buerger’s Disease (aka thromboangitis obliterans)

64
Q

Buerger’s Disease aka

A

Thromboangitis Obliterates

65
Q

What does Buerger’s Disease affect?

A

Nerves and Veins, NOT arteries

66
Q

What type of gangrene is due to smoking?

A

Atherosclerosis (Dry Gangrene)

  • Necrosis must be removed so that no more tissue in extremities gets affected
67
Q

What is the disease associated with Diabetes Mellitus (Dry Gangrene under 8 Gangrene )

A

Diabetic Microangiopathy

68
Q

What is Diabetic Microangiopathy?

A

Obliteration of the distal small Vessels which results in gangrene of the fingers

69
Q

What is Wet Gangrene?

A

It occurs if enzymes of invading phagocytic cells break down the necrotic debris and produce some liquefaction.

70
Q

What will be seen with Wet Gangrene?

A

Swelling and Redness, with NO bone problems

71
Q

What is a cause of Wet Gangrene?

A

Anaerobic bacteria (clostridium perfringens, bacillus fusiformis)

72
Q

What 2 things are associated with Wet Gangrene?

A

1) Bed sores

2) Blockage of blood flow

73
Q

What are bed sores? (wet gangrene)

A

Continuous pressure of the tissue against bed causes decreased blood flow to the areas

74
Q

What is Blockage of Blood flow?(wet gangrene)

A

Wet gangrene in the distal parts of the fingers in polyarteritis nodosa

75
Q

What is Polyarteritis Nodosa?

A

Distal Phalanxes are open to the air “Naked Bones”

76
Q

What are the 2 examples of wet gangrene –> Blockage of blood flow?

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Intestinal Gangrene

77
Q

What is Intestinal Gangrene due to?

A

Anaerobic Bacteria in wounds, obstruction of blood supply or abdominal herniation

78
Q

What is Gas Gangrene?

A

A bacterial Infection that produces gas within tissues. Common in military

79
Q

What are the 2 bacteria associated with Gas Gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfringens and Anaerobic Streptoccocci

80
Q

What is Apoptosis?

A

Greek for “Falling Off”

81
Q

What is Apoptosis full definition?

A

A pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated intracellular program in which cells destined to die activate enzymes that degrade the cells own DNA and nuclear and Cytoplasmic proteins.

82
Q

What are the 2 types of Apoptosis?

A

Physiological and Pathological

83
Q

What is physiological Apoptosis?

A

“Normal conditions of apoptosis”

The programmed destruction of cells during embryogenesis

84
Q

What 2 things would you see in Physiological Apoptosis?

A

Hormone dependent Evolution in the adult and cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells

85
Q

What is Hormone dependent evolution in relation to Physiological Apoptosis?

A

Destruction of the gonads with age in males and menstruation in woman where endometrium aka decidual cells die

86
Q

What is Pathological Apoptosis?

A

Cell injury in certain viral diseases, and death of neutrophils during an acute inflammation

87
Q

What is Caspase?

A

Group of the cysteine containing proteolytic enzymes, which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death) necrosis and inflammation

7 PATH 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions