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Anatomy Module III > Neck Region > Flashcards

Neck Region Flashcards

1
Q

greatest mobility in the vertebral column?

A

in the neck region

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2
Q

boundaries of the neck

A

mandible
superior nachal line - posterior
top of sternum along clavicle
spinous process of C7 - posterior

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3
Q

functions of neck region

A

important organs involved in speech and endocrine

supports head and allows for positioning for environmental stimuli without turning the whole body

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4
Q

superior thoracic aperture aka thoracic inlet

A

opens directly into the base of the neck - allowing passageway of important structures from the thorax region into the neck region

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5
Q

axillary inlet

A

on each side of the superior thoracic aperture that opens to the upper limb

brachial plexus going into arm and lymph moving out

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6
Q

what supports the hyoid bone?

A

muscualr attachments and ligaments - there are no bony articulations

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7
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

contributes to cartilage of the larynx too

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8
Q

cervical vertebrae and the associated nerve

A

There are 7 vertebra but 8 nerves because at C1 - the atlas we have C1 coming out ABOVE AND BELOW
then C2 has nerve coming out below that - 8 total nerves

cervical plexus

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9
Q

atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1 - atals
C2 - a
C7 - very long spinous process

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10
Q

C3-C6

A 
typical vertebrae 
canal
body - smaller
transverse foramen - where vertebrae artery and vein will run except C7 - only vein 
spinous process = BIFID
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11
Q

C7 IS CALLED?

what is unique about it

A

VERTEBEA PROMINENS
only has vertebral vein running in the SMALLER vertebral forament
LONG SPINOUS PROCESS THAT IS NOT BIFID

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12
Q

C1 is called? fucntion?

whats different

A

atlas
lacks body
lacks spinous process
forms the atlanto-occipital joint

allows for flexion and extension (some lateral flexion)
anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranses provides broad support and limit excessive movement

membrane on joint - prevents over movement

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13
Q

C2 is called? fucntion?

whats different

A

AXIS
has a body, bifid process and the DENS
DENS / ODONTOID process articulating with c1 and forms a pivot joint - rotation- often called the no joint

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14
Q

C1 articulates with?

A

the occipital bone of the skull
often called the ‘yes’ joint when forming the atlanto-occipital joint because it allows for flexion and extension

extension = away from the chest

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15
Q

atlanto-occipital joint and membrane

A

provides broad support and limits over/excessive movement in the atlanto-occipital joint

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16
Q

Dens function and aka

A

Odontoid process

Atlantoaxial joint with C1
articulating with the anterior aspect of the atlas and also has a strong ligament that prevetns hypermoevment and holds the dens into place
often called the no joint and is a PIVOT JOINT and allows for rotation

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17
Q

if something happens to the odontoid process?

A

very bad because the spinal cord is directly posterior and an injusry here results in extreme disability and high chance of death
phrenic nerve severed - cannot breath on own
paralysis?

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18
Q

alar ligaments

A

side of dens to foramen magnum

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19
Q

transverse ligament

A

extends between tubercles on the medial aspect of the C1 vertebra

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20
Q

cruciate ligament

A

formed by the transverse ligament and its superior/inferior extensions

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21
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

C2 forms this with C1
three articulations with the atlas
right and left lateral atlanto-axial, and median atlanto-axial joint

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22
Q

location of the phrenic nerve

A

descends on the anterior scalene

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23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments
Innervation
Action

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24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - (1) Lateral superior nachal line and mastoid process to 2. Anterior surface of manubrium 3. Medial third of clavicle

Innervation - Motor - accessory nerve CN XI
Sensory - C2 and C3

Action - unilateral action - lateral flexion to same side and rotation to OPPOSITE side
Bilateral Action - cervical-flexion

These fibers are dorsal to ventral

Forms boundary of the posterior triangle being the ANTERIOR portion

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25
Q

Trapezius
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - Skull, scapula, and clavicle

Innervation - Motor - CN XI = ACCESSORY
Sensory - C2 and C3
Action

Forms border of the posterior triangle - posterior part

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26
Q

anterior scalene
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - transverse processes of C4-C6 to first rib
Innervation- cervical spinal nerves c4-c6
Action - f;ex the neck and elevate first rib

because it is more anterior - contributing more to flexion
- when working with the middle scalene - they can do lateral flexion together

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27
Q

middle scalene
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments -,transverse processes of C4-C6
Innervation- ventral rami of cervical nerves
Action - flex the neck and elevate the first rib

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28
Q

posterior scalene
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - transverse processes of C4-C6 to second rib

Innervation - ventral rami of C6 and C7

Action - lateral flexion and elevate 2nd rib

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29
Q

Thoracic outlet syndome

A

numbness and wealness in upper extrememty - pressure onto the brachial plexus of nerves and can cause the anterior scalened to atrophy

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30
Q

What is in the ansa cervicalis and what does it innervate?

A

it is the innervation to the infrahyoid muscles and is made up from c1 c2 and c3 - wraps around the internal jugular vein

exception - the thyrohyoid is not innervated by this but directly from c1 via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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31
Q

Strap muscles =

A

infrahyoid muscles

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32
Q

omohyoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - superior scapula to hyoid bone
TWO BELLIES
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR - and connected by a tendon

Innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
Action

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33
Q

sternohyoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - Manubrium and medial clavicle to hyoid
Innervation - ansa cervicalis
Action

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34
Q

sternothyroid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attach - manubrium to thyroid
Innervation - ansa cervicalis
action - depress the hyoid during swallowing and speaking

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35
Q

thyrohyoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - thyroid cartilage to hyoid
Innervation - c1 via they hypoglossal nerve
Action - depress the hyoid while speaking and swallowing
CAN ELEVATE THE LARYNX

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36
Q

function of the strap/infrahydoid muscles

A

DEPRESS the hyoid during speaking and swallowing

the thyrohyoid can also elevate the larynx - see different innervation in this muscle - so makes sense there is an additoinal function

37
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

above the hyoid - but still attaching to hyoid

MYLOHYOID

38
Q

mylohyoid

A

from mylohyoid line of the MADIBLE to the hyoid bone
FORMS FLOOR OF ORAL CAVITY
innervation - CN5

39
Q

Geniohyoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

deep to the mylohyoid muscle
Attachments - mental spine of the mandible - to hyoid

Innervation -C1 - via the hypoglossal nerve
Action

40
Q

Digastric muscle
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

This has an anterior and posterior belly - the innervation differs between them
ANTERIOR - note relationship to the mylohyoid muscle
Attachments - digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon
Innervation - nerve to mylohyoid CN 5-v3

POSTERIOR - note relationship to the mastoid process
Attachments - mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon
Innervation - CN VII - facial nerve

these will meet at the tendon
Action

41
Q

stylohyoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - styloid process of the temporal bone to hyoid
Innervation - facial nerve - cranial nerve VII
Action

42
Q

action of the suprahyoid muscles

A

they make up a significant portion to the floor of the oral cavity and elevate the hyoid and larynx

43
Q

cervical plexus

A

formed by the anterior rami of C1-C4
lies DEEP to sternocleodomastoid muscle (SCM)
cutaneous region = superficial branches and deep branches doing the motor innervation

44
Q

superficial branches of cervical plexus

A

cutaneous region /innervation

45
Q

deep branches of cervical plexus

A

motor innervation (ansa cervicalis) C1-c3

46
Q

Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital nerve
great auricular
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular

47
Q

lesser occipital nerve

A

innervating the skin of the scalp BEHIND the ear

from C2

48
Q

Great auricular nerve

A

slightly anterior to the lesser occipital
skin of the parotid gland and over the ear
branches from c2-c3

49
Q

transverse cervical nerve

A

skin over the anterior neck

C2-C3 region

50
Q

supraclavicular nerve

A

from c3 and c4

supplies skin across the clavicles and shoulder to the second rib

51
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

CN XII

  • motor innervation of the tongue
  • exiting skull through the hypoglossal canal then passing between the external carotid artery and jugular vessels
  • contributing to the thyrohyoid muscle and the geniohyoid muscle
52
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerve (aka)

describe location

A

CNXI - accessory nerve innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius
CN XI descends along the internal carotid artery

53
Q

roots of the spinal accessory nerve

A

CN XI
spinal root - cell bodies in the anterior horn of the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord - rootles sscend into the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum

cranial root - part of cranial nerve X - vagus nerve

these unite at the jugular foramen then seperate

54
Q

where is the junction of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct

A

both ducts enter into the subclavian vein at the junction of the internal jugular vein

55
Q

lymphatic vascular system - describe function + contents

A

Blind-ended vessels converge to larger vessel that converge with large veins in the root of the neck
FUNCTION: collect fluid lost from capillary beds (during exchange)
IF fluid draining into capillaries can include cells of the lymphatic system, cell products, cell debris, and PATHOGENS

56
Q

larger lymph vessels form

A

lymphatic trunks

57
Q

lymphatic trunks give rise to

A

right lymphatic trunk and thoracic duct - coming together at the junction of the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

58
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

draining right upper quadrant and right arm

59
Q

thoracic duct

A

does remainder of body (besides right upper quadrant)

60
Q

what joins with the thoracic duct?

A

The left subclavian lymph trunk - from upper limn and the left jugular trunk - lymph from left side of head and neck

61
Q

emptying into junction between right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

A

right jugular trunk and right subclavian trunk

  • same for left side - except joining with the thoracic duct from below as well
62
Q

overall pattern of drainage of lymphatic vessels in head/ neck region

A

Lyphatic vessels –> superficial around the head –> superifical cervical (more neck) –> DEEP cervical nodes–> Right and left jugular trunks

63
Q

deep cervical nodes

A

the ones that lead into the right and left jugular nodes - draining the head and neck region

64
Q

superficial lymph nodes around the head

A 
occipital nodes 
mastoid nodes 
pre-auricular and parotid nodes
submandibular nodes 
submental nodes
65
Q

occipital nodes

A

drains posterior scalp and neck

66
Q

mastoid nodes

A

drains posterolateral half of scalp

67
Q

pre-auricular and parotid nodes

A

drain anteriolateral scalp, upper half of face

68
Q

submandibular nodes

A

follows facial vein drainage- anterior face, gingiva, teeth, and tongue

69
Q

submental nodes

A

lower lip, chin floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth

70
Q

superficial cervical lymph nodes

A

found along the external jugular vein - along the SCM and send lymphatic vessels toward the deep cervical nodes

71
Q

deep cervical nodes

A

divided into superior and inferior groups that form a chain on the IJV (not IJV for deep and External JV for superficial cervical lymph)

72
Q

Jugulodigastric node

A

superior deep cervical lymph node - at level of posterior digastric

73
Q

Jugulo-omohyoid node

A

inferior deep cervical lymph node

inferior to tendon of omohyoid

74
Q

where do the lymphatic vessels from the pharynx drain? where do all of them drain?

A

retropharngeal nodes, paratracheal nodes, and infrahyoid nodes
all of the above drain into the deep cervical nodes

75
Q

where does the palatine tonsil drain?

A

directly into the deep jugulodigastric nodes

76
Q

lymphatic vessels from the teeth and gingivae drain where?

A

draining mainly into the submandibular, submental, and deep cervical nodes

77
Q

lymph drainage from the tongue…

A

takes four paths

78
Q

lymph from root of tongue

A

drains to superior deep cervical nodes - the jugulodigastric

79
Q

lymph from the medial body of tongue

A

drains to the inferior deep cervical nodes - juguloomohyoid node

80
Q

right and left lateral parts of the tongues lymph drains

A

into submandibular nodes

81
Q

lymph drainage from the tip of the tongue and frenulum drain..

A

into submental nodes

82
Q

anterior triangle divided into..

A

four smaller triangels

  1. muscular triangle
  2. carotid triangle
  3. submandibular triangle
  4. submental triangle
83
Q

boundaries of anterior triangle

A

middle of neck - medially
anterior border of SCM - laterally
inferior border of the mandible - superiorly
down to the clavicle

84
Q

boundaries of posterior triangle

A

Posterior margin of SCM
Anterior margin of trapezius
middle 1/3 of clavicle

85
Q

contents in the posterior triangle

A 
Accessory nerve - undersurface of SCM coming right acorss 
cervical plexus
brachial trunks 
external jugular bein 
subclavian artery/vein
suprascapular artery
cervical lymph nodes
86
Q

muscular triangle

A

anterior border of SCM
suoerior belly of omohyoid
midline of neck
contains the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland

87
Q

carotid triangle

A

anterior border of SCM
superior belly of the omohyoid
posterior digastric
contains the carotid sheath, hypoglossal nerve, accessory nerve, ansa cervicalis, deep cervical lymph nodes

88
Q

submandibular triangle

A

anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric
inferior border of the mandible
contains the submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, submandibular lymph nodes, nerve to the mylohyoid, and facial artery and vein

89
Q

submental triangle

A

right and left anterior body of the digastric and hyoid bone
contains the submental lymph nodes and veins

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

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