Axilla & Brachial Plexus Flashcards
Boundaries of Axilla
Anterior - pec major and minor
Posterior: scapula latissimus doris , teres major
Medial: ribs 1-4 and intercostal spaces
Base: skin and fascia of arm
Apex : convergence of clavicle scapula and rib 1
Contents of axilla
- axilla artery
- axilla vein
- Lymphatics
- Brachial plexus
axilla artery orginates from?
Aorta –> (brachiocephalic trunk on the right side) –> subclavian artery –> AXILLARY ARTERY
beginning and end of axillary artery
begins at lateral aspect of the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the teres major
at the inferior border of the teres major the axillary artery is continous with what?
BRACHIAL ARTERY
Part 1 of axillary
location and branches
between the lateral border of the 1st rib and the medial border of the pec minor
SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY
part 2 of axillary artery
lies posterior to the pec minor
THORACOACROMIAL TRUNK
LATERAL THORACIC ARTERIES
part 3 of axillary artery
extends from the lateral border of pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major
SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY
ANTERIOR HUMERAL CIRCUMFLEX
POSTERIOR HUMERAL CIRCUMFLEX
axillary vein
formed at the inferior border of the teres major muscle by the union of brachial veins (accompany veins of brachial artery and the basilic vein)
5 main groups of axillary lymph nodes
Pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central and apical
pectoral nodes
mainly recieve lymph from the anterior thoracic wall, INCLUDING MOST OF THE BREAST
subscapular nodes
receive lymph from the POSTERIOR aspect of the thoracic wall and scapular region
humeral nodes
receive NEARLY ALL THE LYMPH FROM THE UPPER LIMB
central group
lymph nodes is located along the 2nd part of the axillary artery and receives lymph from the pectoral, subscapular, and humeral nodes
apical nodes
vessels from the central nodes pass to this and it is located ALONG THE FIRST PART OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY
Brachial Plexus
formed from VENTRAL RAMI OF C5- T1
C5, 6,7,8,
Innervation of ENTIRE UPPER EXTREMITY IS DERIVED FROM THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
results in individual nerves carrying fibers from several spinal cord levels
posterior roots of brachial plexus?
Sensory - DERMATOME
Anterior roots of brachial plexus?
Motor - MYOTOME
anterior and posterior roots form what?
a MIXED SPINAL NERVE - each spinal nerve innervates a segment of skin (dermatome) and specific muscles (myotome)
each SPINAL NERVE gives rise to…
anterior and posterior RAMI
brachial plexus from ventral rami of C%,6,7,8 and T1
dorsal ramus
to deep back muscle and skin
ventral ramus
to trunk and limbs - brachial plexus is formed by ventral rami of C5,6,7,8 and T1
Branching pattern of brachial plexus
Randy - Roots Travis - Trunk Drinks- Divisions Cold - Cords Beer- Branches (Terminal)
Supraclavicular branches
come off ROOTS orTRUNKS Dorsal Scapular nerve -c5 Long thoracic nerve c5-c7 suprascapular nerve c5,c6 nerve to subclavius c5.c6
trunks
superior middle an inferior
divisions
2 divisions - anterior and posterior (each with three )
cords
medial
lateral
posterior
Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar, Radial, and Axillary nerves are all..?
Terminal Branches
branches off roots
long thoracic nerve and dorsal scapula nerve
branch off trunk and where it comes from
suprascapular nerve - comes off SUPERIOR BRANCH
nerve to subclavius u
from the superior trunk from c5 and c6
infraclavicular branches
COME OFF THE CORDS
cords
lateral
medial
posterior
lateral cord gives rise to
lateral pectoral nerve
- innervating the pectoralis major
medial cord gives rise to
medial pectoral nerve
medial brachial cutaenous nerves
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves
posterior cord gives rise to
upper subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
lower subscapular nerve
terminal branches off cords
still considered infraclavicular branches musculocutaneous nerve radial nerve axillary nerve median nerve ulnar nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
from the lateral cord and nerves C5,6,7
innervates coracobrachialis muscles - flexors
median nerve
terminal branch from the lateral and medial cord
