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Anatomy Module III > Intro to Skull > Flashcards

Intro to Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Two divisions of the skull/cranium

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

neurocranium
aka
two parts

A

cranial vault - is the bony covering of the brain and the cranial meninges
also contains proximal parts of the cranial nerves and the vasculature of the brain
Calvaria and cranial base

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3
Q

calvaria

A

portion of the neuorcranium - upper part of the cranial cavity containing the brain

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4
Q

neurocranium composed of?

A

series of eight bones
4 singular and two sets as pairs
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital and PAIRED TEMPORAL AND PARIETAL

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5
Q

Bones forming the neurocranium are developed how?

A

intramembranous ossification from the neural crest

endochondral ossification od cartilage = chondrocranium
*or from more than one type

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6
Q

Viscerocranium
aka
forms what?
consits of?

A

Facial skeleton, and forms from the anterior part of the cranium and consists of the bones surrounding the mouth - upper and lower jaws
surrounding the nose/nasal cavity
and compromising most of the orbits (eye sockets or orbital cavities)
15 bone *

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7
Q

viscerocranium bones

A

15 irregular bones

3 singular bones centered or lying on the midline and 6 bones occuring as bilateral pairs

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8
Q

3 singular bones of viscerocranium

A

mandible
ethmoid
vomer

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9
Q

6 paired bones/bilateral pairs in the viscerocranium

A 
Maxillae
inferior nasal conchae 
zygomatic 
palatine
nasal
lacrimal
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10
Q

bones in the viscerocranium mainly develop how

A

develop in the MESENCHYME OF THE EMBRYONIC PHARYNGEAL ARCHES

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11
Q

antatomical position of the skull

A

with reference to the orbitomeatal plane / frankfort plane
in anatomical position when the inferior margin of the orbit and the superior margin of the external acoustic meatus are in the SAME HORIZONTAL PLANE

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12
Q

superior view of skull - what do you see

A

four bones

one paired parietal R/L and the frontal bone (anterior) and the occipital lobe (posterior)

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13
Q

superior view of skull features

A 
Coronal Suture 
sagital/ interparietal suture 
Lamboidal suture 
Bregma
Lambda
Frontal Eminence
Parietal Eminence
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14
Q

Coronal Suture

A

separates the frontal anteriorly from the parietal lobes posteriorly

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15
Q

Sagital suture

A

separates the L/R parietal lobes

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16
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobes (anterior) and the temporal bones (lateral)

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17
Q

Bregma

A

landmark that represents where the sagittal and coronal sutures comes together

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18
Q

Lambda

A

landmark where the sagittal and lambdoidal suture meet

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19
Q

frontal eminences

A

anterior corners of the forehead/on frontal lobe and represent the initial site of ossification of the frontal bone

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20
Q

Parietal eminences

A

prominence seen on the parietal lobe also representing the initiation site of ossification in these parietalbones
these are POSTERIORLATERAL BULGES

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21
Q

Posterior View Features

A

Sagittal suture (barely visible -but seen)

Lambdoidal suture

Lambda- where the sutures come together of the sagittal and lambdoidal

External occipital protrubence

Occipital condyles

Superior and Inferior nuchal line - areas of attachment for some neck and back muscles

mastoid process

styloid process

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22
Q

External occipital protrubence

A

most posterior aspect in the posterior view of the skull - coming out

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23
Q

Occipital condyles

A

seen on the posterior view of the skull - these are articulating points - so likely smooth for articulation purposes

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24
Q

Superior and Inferior nuchal line

A

attachment site for some neck and back muscles - help with skull movements

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25
Q

Mastoid process

A

seen on the posterior view of the skull - this is where the sternocleodomastoid connects

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26
Q

bones visible in posterior view

A

occipital, parietal, temporal

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27
Q

metopic suture

A

the frontal bone develops from two membranous ossification centers at the future sites of the frontal eminences during the seventh fetal week - at birth the right and left temporal bones are present and separated by a midline metopic or interfrontal suture

suture begins to fuse during first year of like and is usually gone by 6 years old - however remnants may remain and this is known as a metopic suture

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28
Q

bones in the frontal/anterior view of the skull

A

look at your notes

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29
Q

zygomatic region and keystone feature

what three bones and where support the arch

A

keyston of the zygomatic arch is the diamond-shaped zygomatic bone
the MAXILLA SUPPORTS ANTERIORLY

THE FRONTAL BONE SUPPORTS SUPERIOLY

THE TEMPORAL BONE SUPPORTS POSTERIORLY

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30
Q

zygomaticofacial forament

A

centrally located on the prominence of the zygomatic bone and transmits the zygomaticofacial vessels and nerve

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31
Q

bones of the orbit in frontal view

A 
frontal 
spenoid 
zygomatic
maxilla 
lacrimal
ethmoid 
palantine
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32
Q

superior wall of orbital mainly made from

A

orbital part of the frontal bone - but near the apex - it is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

33
Q

each orbital has…

A

four walls and an apex

34
Q

medial wall of orbit?

A

formed mainly from the ethmoid bone

but also has contributions from the frontal, lacrimal, and palantine bones

35
Q

inferior wall of the orbit

A

inferior wall/ floor mainly made from maxilla and partly by the zygomatic and palatine bones.

36
Q

lateral wall of orbit

A

mainly made from the frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the GREATER WING OF THE SPHENOID

37
Q

lateral walls of the two orbits are..?

A

nearly perpendicular to each other

38
Q

supraorbital notch/foramen

A

located directly above the medial third of the superior margin and transmits the supraorbital vessels and nerve

39
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

is about 7-8mm below the midpoint of the inferior margin. it communicates posteriorly with the infra-orbital canal and groove in the floor of the orbit anf also transmits infraorbital vessels and nerves

40
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

location of the extra occular eye muscles so CN III, IV, VI, and V1

41
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

V2 and infraorbital vessels

42
Q

optic canal

A

Opthalamic artery and CN II - optic nerve

43
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen

A

location of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein

remember this is on the medial wall of the orbit

44
Q

intraorbital abscess

A

a rare complication after a maxillary molar extraction - the orbit can be prone to infection due to its anatomical proximity to the maxillary sinus - adjacent to the floor of the orbit

OPTHALAMIC MANIFESTATION OF A DENTAL ABSCESS

the floor of the orbit and the roof of the maxillary sinus are in close proximity

could see clinically as an swollen or inflammation of the eye after an extraction in a maxillary molar

45
Q

facial or anterior surface of maxilla

A

helps form the upper face

46
Q

orbital surface of maxilla

A

this is the superior aspect and it forms the floor of the orbit

47
Q

nasal or medial surface of the maxilla

A

forms the bulk of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

48
Q

infratemporal / posterior surface of maxilla

A

forms the anterior wall of the infratemporal region

extends into the temporal region posteriorly

49
Q

maxilla processes

A

named based upon what they are attaching to

50
Q

Frontal process of maxilla

A

bar of bone that projects upward from the anterosuperior aspect to contact the frontal bone above

51
Q

alveolar process of the maxilla

A

forms the sockets and supporting bone for the maxillary teeth

52
Q

zygomatic process of maxilla

A

on the lateral aspect and is the buttressing maxillary contribution to the zygomatic arch

53
Q

palatal process of the maxilla

A

this is a horizontal shelf projecting from the medial aspect of the maxilla toward the midline and its opposite counterpart

HELPS FORM THE ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY

54
Q

infraorbital foramen on maxilla

A

opens onto the facial surface about 7mm below the midpoint of the inferior orbital margin. it is the mouth of the infraorbital canal and trasmits to the face the infraorbital nerves and vessels

55
Q

anterior nasal spine of maxilla

A

sharp midline anterior projection of the inferior nasal border

56
Q

incisive fossa of maxilla

A

depressoin overlying the maxillary incisor roots

57
Q

canine ridge of maxilla

A

prounounced, elongated elevation of alveolar bone overlying the large maxillary canine root

58
Q

canine fossa of maxilla

A

concavity distal to the canine ridge overlying the maxillary premolar roots
extends upward to the infraorbital foramen
site of injection for local anesthesia of the premolar maxillary teeth

59
Q

nasolacrimal sulcus

A

anterior to the maxillary hiatus and runs in a vertical direction
along with the lacrimal bone it forms the the nasolacrimal canal, which transports tears from the orbit to the nasal cavity

why when we cry our nose runs too because this is a connection to the nasal cavity

60
Q

Internal View of the cranial fossa

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

61
Q

T/F the parietal bone is apart of the cranial fossa

A

NO - not on the base

62
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa

A

Frontal and Ethmoid bone

63
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa

A

Temporal and sphenoid bone

64
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Occipital and part of temporal

65
Q

lateral view cranial vault region

A

includes forehead and temporal region

66
Q

Facial region in the lateral view

A

includes the zygomatic, orbital, and nasal regions

67
Q

infratemporal region

- General

A

COVERED by the RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE

68
Q

Infratemporal region importance

A

A lot of nerves and vessels and fibers going through this region and also another site of injection - critical to dentistry in understanding this region

69
Q

bones visible in the lateral view

A

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid= GREATER WINGS = paired process of a single bone), Lacrimal, zygomatic, ethmoid, mandible, maxillae (paired), nasal bones

70
Q

temporal lines

A

selected feature in the lateral view
Superior and Inferior
two curved lines that arch upward and backward from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone and travel acorss the frontal one and parietal bone, then recurve downward and forward on the parietal bone to end inferiorrly on the temporal bone

attaching for muscles of mastication

71
Q

Pterion

A

anthropological landmark named for the H - shaped junction of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones on the LATERAL ASPECT OF THE CRANIAL VAULT - IT IS THE WEAKEST PART OF THE SKULL AND VESSEL UNDERNEATH IS AT RISK

72
Q

temporal fossa

A

slightly depressed area on the anterolateral aspect of the skull that is inferior to the temporal lines. It is filled in by the temporalis muscle

73
Q

forming the posterior root of the zygomatic arch?

A

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

- this is a long slender forward projecting making this posterior root of the zygomtic arch

74
Q

external auditory meatus

A

also called canal- of the temporal bone and forms the entrance of the middle ear within the temporal bone

75
Q

external occipital protrubance - in the lateral view aka

A

inion - occupies the central aspect of the occipital bone

76
Q

Styloid process in lateral view

A

sharp and slender process that angles inferiorly, medially, and anteriorly
provides attachment for a number of different muscles and two ligaments

77
Q

vaginal process of the temporal bone

A

portion of the tympanic plate that wraps itself around the base of the styloid process like a scroll

78
Q

mastoid process in the lateral view

A

lump of bone immediately posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus
it serves as part as the insertion of the sternomastoid muscle

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

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