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Gross Anatomy > Neck Lecture > Flashcards

Neck Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglion Vertebral Level?

A

C2

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2
Q

Hyoid Bone Vertebral Level?

A

C3

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3
Q

Vertebral Level of Common Carotid Artery Bifurcation ?

A

C4

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4
Q

Vertebral Level of Superior Border of Thyroid Cartilage?

A

C4

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5
Q

Vertebral Level of Rest of Thyroid Cartilage (Under Superior Border)?

A

C5

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6
Q

Vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of _____

A

C6

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7
Q

Cricoid Cartilage Vertebral Level?

A

C6

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8
Q

Middle Cervical Ganglion Vertebral Level?

A

C6

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9
Q

The Larynx Becomes the Trachea at Which Vertebral Level?

A

C6

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10
Q

The Pharynx Becomes the Esophagus at Which Vertebral Level?

A

C6

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11
Q

Inferior Cervical (Stellate) Ganglion Vertebral Level?

A

C7

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12
Q

The investing fascia surrounds everything but the _____ in the subcutaneous fat

A

Platysma Muscle

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13
Q

The investing fascia is so named because it invests which two muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid & Trapezius Muscles

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14
Q

The prevertebral fascia contains which muscles?

A

All deep muscles associated with the articulation of the vertebrae (Scalenes, longus colli m., etc.)

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15
Q

The prevertebral fascia attaches to the _____

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

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16
Q

The axillary sheath, which invests the brachial plexus, is a continuation of the _____

A

Prevertebral Fascia

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17
Q

The pretracheal fascia surrounds the _____, the _____, and the _____

A

The thyroid gland, the trachea, and the esophagus

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18
Q

Fascia covering the _____ aspect of the trachea is the pretracheal fascia, while the fascia covering the posterior aspect of the trachea _____ depending on the vertebral level.

A

Fascia covering the ANTERIOR aspect of the trachea is the pretracheal fascia, while the fascia covering the posterior aspect of the trachea CHANGES NAMES depending on the vertebral level (visceral/buccopharyngeal fascia)

(That’s so fucking stupid.)

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19
Q

Below C6, the _____ fascia covers the esophagus posteriorly to the trachea.

A

Visceral Fascia

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20
Q

Above C6, the _____ fascia covers the pharynx. It extends to the cheeks.

A

Buccopharyngeal Fascia

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21
Q

The _____ is formed by contributions from three surrounding fascia layers (investing, prevertebral, pretracheal)

A

Carotid Sheath

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22
Q

Medially, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath

A

Common Carotid Artery (does not bifurcate until C4)

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23
Q

Laterally, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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24
Q

Posteriorly, the _____ is found in the carotid sheath

A

Vagus Nerve (X)

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25
Q

Superior Attachment of Anterior Scalene

A

Transverse Processes of C3-C6

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26
Q

Inferior Attachment of Anterior Scalene

A

1st Rib

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27
Q

Innervation of Anterior Scalene

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

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28
Q

Anterior Scalene Action

A

Flex Neck

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29
Q

Middle Scalene Superior Attachment

A

Posterior Tubercle of Transverse Processes of C2-C7

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30
Q

Middle Scalene Inferior Attachment

A

1st rib

Posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery

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31
Q

Middle Scalene Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

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32
Q

Middle Scalene Action

A

Flex Neck

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33
Q

Posterior Scalene Superior Attachment

A

Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes of C5-C7

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34
Q

Posterior Scalene Inferior Attachment

A

2nd Rib

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35
Q

Posterior Scalene Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

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36
Q

Posterior Scalene Action

A

Flex Neck

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37
Q

Deep Muscles of the Neck?

A

Longus colli, Longus capitis, Rectus capitis lateralis, Rectus capitis anterior mm.

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38
Q

Longus Colli Superior Attachments

A

Anterior Tubercle of C1

Bodies of C1-C3

Transverse Processes of C3-C6

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39
Q

Longus Colli Inferior Attachments

A

Bodies of C5-T3

Transverse Processes of C3-C5

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40
Q

Longus Colli Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of C2-C6 Spinal Nerves

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41
Q

Longus Colli Action

A

Flex Neck

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42
Q

Longus Capitis Superior Attachment

A

Basilar Part of Occipital Bone

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43
Q

Longus Capitis Inferior Attachment

A

Anterior Tubercles of C3-C6 Transverse Processes

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44
Q

Longus Capitis Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of C1-C3

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45
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Superior Attachment

A

Jugular Process of Occipital Bone

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46
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Inferior Attachment

A

Transverse Process of Atlas

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47
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Action

A

Flexor and Stabilizer of Head

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48
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Innervation

A

Branches from loop between C1 & C2 (Ansa Cervicalis?)

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49
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Superior Attachment

A

Base of cranium, anterior to occipital conyles

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50
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Inferior Attachment

A

Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas

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51
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Innervation

A

Branches from loop between C1 & C2 (Ansa Cervicalis)

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52
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Action

A

Flexion of the Head

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53
Q

The retropharyngeal space allows communication from the head & neck to the _____

A

Posterior Mediastinum

This communication allows for the spread of infection. No bueno.

54
Q

Above C6, the retropharyngeal space is between the _____ and the _____

A

Buccopharyngeal Fascia & Prevertebral Fascia

55
Q

Below C6, the retropharyngeal space is between the _____ and the _____

A

Visceral Fascia & Prevertebral Fascia

56
Q

The lateral pharyngeal space sits between the _____ (with tonsils) and the _____

A

Pharyngeal Wall & Parotid Gland

57
Q

The _____ is found within the lateral pharyngeal space

A

Carotid Sheath

Its contents (CCA, IJV, CN X) should be considered in infection of the lateral pharyngeal space

58
Q

The _____ includes the sublingual and submaxillary spaces

A

Submandibular Space

59
Q

Borders of the Posterior Triangle (Lateral Cervical Region)?

A

Posterior Portion of Sternocleidomastiod

Anterior Border of Trapezius

Middle Third of Clavicle

60
Q

The Posterior Triangle is further divided into the _____ and the _____ by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

A

Occipital Triangle & Omoclavicular Triangle

61
Q

Contents of Occipital Triangle?

A

Occipital artery and CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)

62
Q

Contents of Omoclavicular Triangle?

A

Subclavian artery, deep to external jugular vein

63
Q

The cervical plexus is composed of _____, and has _____ branches

A

Ventral Rami of C1-C4

Motor AND Sensory Branches

64
Q

The _____ is sensory to the neck and the scalp (posterosuperior to the ear).

A

Lesser Occipital Nerve

65
Q

The lesser occipital n. is a branch of _____

A

Ventral Ramus of C2

66
Q

The lesser occipital n. runs posterior to the _____ muscle, to the _____, then to the scalp.

A

Posterior to SCM > Mastoid Process > Scalp

67
Q

The great auricular n. is sensory to the _____ and _____. It is also sensory to the skin and sheath of the _____ and a piece of skin over the _____.

A

Inferior aspect of the auricle (ear)

Angle of mandible

Parotid gland

Ear

68
Q

The great auricular nerve runs with the _____ as it crosses the SCM

A

External jugular vein

69
Q

The great auricular nerve receives branches from _____ and _____

A

C2 & C3

70
Q

The _____ is sensory to the skin covering the anterior cervical region

A

Transverse cervical nerve

71
Q

The transverse cervical nerve runs deep to the _____, and transversely across the neck.

A

Platysma muscle

72
Q

The transverse cervical nerve receives branches from _____ and _____

A

C2 & C3

73
Q

The supraclavicular nerves are sensory to the _____ and the _____

A

Skin crossing the clavicle and the skin of the deltoid region of the shoulders

74
Q

Three divisions of the supraclavicular nerve?

A

Medial, Intermediate & Lateral

75
Q

The supraclavicular nerve receives branches from _____ and _____

A

C3 & C4

76
Q

The _____ is both motor and sensory to the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

77
Q

The _____ can cause referred pain to the shoulder region via the supraclavicular n. since both receive branches from _____ & _____

A

Phrenic nerve

C3 & C4

78
Q

The ansa cervicalis has a superior loop formed by _____, and an inferior loop formed by _____

A

Superior - C1 (Descendens hypoglossi)

Inferior - C2 & C3 (Descendens cervicalis)

79
Q

The ansa cervicalis muscle is purely motor. It innervates 3 of the infrahyoid muscles. Which?

A

1) Sternohyoid
2) Sternothyroid
3) Omohyoid (both bellies)

80
Q

The ansa cervicalis runs on the _____ and _____

A

Internal jugular vein and carotid artery

81
Q

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) carries branches of _____ that innervate the _____ and _____ muscles

A

Branches of C1

Geniohyoid & Thyrohyoid (NOT INNERVATED BY CN XII, INNERVATED BY BRANCHES OF C1 THAT RUN WITH CN XII)

82
Q

The common point of branching of C2 & C3 (origin of cutaneous nerves) is known as _____

A

Erb’s Point

83
Q

Borders of the Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)?

A

Inferior Border of Mandible

Anterior Border of SCM

Midline of neck

84
Q

Sternohyoid Superior Attachment

A

Inferior body of hyoid

85
Q

Sternohyoid Inferior Attachment

A

Manubrium of sternum

Medial end of clavicle

86
Q

Sternohyoid Innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

87
Q

Sternothyroid Superior Attachment

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

88
Q

Sternothyroid Inferior Attachment

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

89
Q

Sternothyroid Innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C2-C3)

90
Q

Thyrohyoid Superior Attachment

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

91
Q

Thyrohyoid Inferior Attachment

A

Body of hyoid

92
Q

Thyrohyoid Innervation

A

C1 VIA THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XI)

93
Q

Strap Muscle Action

A

Lower entire apparatus (swallowing)

94
Q

What exits the Jugular Foramen?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

Vagus n. (CN X)

Spinal Accessory n. (CN XI)

95
Q

The tympanic branch of _____ enters the tympanix plexus then becomes the _____

A

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN XI)

Lesser Petrosal n.

96
Q

The lesser petrosal n. synapses in the _____, then sends _____ via the _____ to the _____

A

The lesser petrosal n. synapses in the OTIC GANGLION, then sends POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETICS via the AURICULOTEMPORAL N. to the PAROTID GLAND

97
Q

The _____ of the glossopharyngeal n. supplies _____ to the carotid sinus and carotid body

A

The CAROTID BRANCH. of the glossopharyngeal n. supplies GVA INNERVATION to the carotid sinus and carotid body

98
Q

The _____ is a dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery once it branches from the common carotid.

A

Carotid Sinus

99
Q

The carotid sinus receives _____ from CN IX.

A

GVA Sensation

100
Q

The carotid sinus contains _____ that detect changes of blood pressure.

A

Baroreceptors

101
Q

The _____ is a small epithelioid body in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. It receives GVA sensation from _____.

A

Carotid Body

GVA sensation from CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

102
Q

The carotid body has _____ to detect hypoxia (-oxygen) and hypercapnia (+CO2)

A

Chemoreceptors

103
Q

The _____ is the first branch of the Vagus n. (X). It runs anterior to the _____ and posterior to the _____.

A

Pharyngeal branch.

Anterior to the ICA, Posterior to the ECA

104
Q

The _____ is the second branch of the Vagus n. (X). It runs posterior to the _____.

A

Superior laryngeal n.

Internal Carotid Artery

105
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve branches to form the _____ and the _____

A

Internal Branch (Sensory)

External Branch (Motor)

106
Q

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal n. provides sensory innervation to the _____

A

Mucosa in the larynx above the vocal cords

107
Q

The external branch of the superior laryngeal n provides motor innervation to the _____ and the _____

A

Cricothyroid muscle and cricopharyngeus m. of esophagus

108
Q

The third branch of the vagus nerve is the _____

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

109
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal n. curves around the _____

The left recurrent laryngeal n. curves around the _____ posterior to the _____

A

Right > Right Subclavian Artery

Left > Arch of the aorta, posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum

110
Q

The hypoglossal n. (CN XII) exits the skull via the _____, near the neck of the occipital condyle

A

Hypoglossal Canal

111
Q

The hypoglossal n. (CN XII) descends posterior to the _____

A

Intermediate tendon of the digastric m.

112
Q

What structures would you find behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Hint: There are seven structures

A

1) Internal Carotid Artery
2) External Carotid Artery
3) Internal Jugular Vein
4) Facial Artery
5) CN X
6) CN XI
7) CN XII

113
Q

The Spinal Accessory nerve innervates which two muscles?

A

SCM and Trapezius

114
Q

The superior cervical ganglion contains _____ cell bodies

A

Postganglionic Sympathetic

115
Q

List the five structures associated with the superior cervical ganglion

A

1) Internal Carotid Plexus
2) External Carotid Plexus
3) Gray rami communicans (C1-C4)
4) Pharyngeal plexus branches
5) Superior cervical cardiac n.

116
Q

List the three structures associated with the middle cervical ganglion

A

1) Gray Rami Communicans (C5-C6)
2) Branches to the thyroid
3) Middle cervical cardiac n.

117
Q

List the two structures associated with the inferior cervical ganglion

A

1) Gray Rami Communicans (C7-C8)

2) Inferior cervical cardiac n.

118
Q

Four branches of the subclavian artery?

A

1) Vertebral artery
2) Internal thoracic artery
3) Thyrocervical trunk
4) Costocervical trunk

119
Q

Five branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

1) Suprascapular artery
2) Transverse cervical artery
3) Inferior thyroid artery
4) Ascending cervical artery
5) Dorsal scapular artery

120
Q

The _____ passes over the transverse scapular ligament. Supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

A

Suprascapular artery

121
Q

The _____ a. supplies the trapezius and rhomboid muscles

A

Transverse cervical artery

122
Q

The _____ artery goes from the thyrocervical trunk to the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

Inferior thyroid artery

123
Q

The _____ goes upward from the thyrocervical trunk to supply the deep muscles of the neck.

A

Ascending cervical artery

124
Q

Two branches of the costocervical trunk?

A

1) Deep cervical artery

2) Supreme intercostal artery

125
Q

The supreme intercostal artery supplies _____

A

1st & 2nd posterior intercostal spaces

126
Q

Branch of Medial Division of External Carotid Artery?

A

Ascending Pharyngeal a.

127
Q

Branches of Posterior Division of External Carotid Artery?

A

Occipital a.

Posterior Auricular a.

128
Q

Branches of Anterior Division of External Carotid Artery?

A

Superior Thyroid a. (has Superior laryngeal a. branch)

Lingual a.

Facial a.

129
Q

The great auricular nerve runs posterior to the _____

A

External jugular vein

130
Q

The lesser occipital n. generally follows the anterior border of the _____

A

Trapezius m.

131
Q

The phrenic nerve runs on the anterior surface of the _____. Next to it is the _____.

A

Anterior Scalene

Ascending Cervical Artery

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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