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Gross Anatomy > Hip, Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Leg & Knee Joint > Flashcards

Hip, Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Leg & Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Ligaments of hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

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2
Q

Dislocations of the knee typically occur in what direction?

A

Posteriorly

Hip joint is stronger anteriorly

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3
Q

Iliofemoral ligament attachments?

A

AIIS

Intertrochanteric line

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4
Q

Pubofemoral ligament attachments?

A

Obturator crest

Ischiofemoral ligament (after wrapping around neck of femur)

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5
Q

The _____ is the posterior ligament of the hip joint

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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6
Q

In children, the _____ is the only artery supplying the proximal part of the of the head of the femur between epiphyseal plates.

A

Acetabular branch of obturator artery

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7
Q

Two main arteries supplying the hip joint?

A

Lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries

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8
Q

The medial femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?

A

The pectineus and iliopsoas mm.

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9
Q

The lateral femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?

A

Rectus femoris and iliopsoas mm.

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10
Q

The _____ are branches of the lateral & medial circumflex femoral aa. that supply the head of the femur

A

Retinacular aa.

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11
Q

The retinacular arteries are destroyed in what specific injury? What pathology results from the destruction of those arteries?

A

Subcapital fracture

Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)

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12
Q

Four nerves supplying the hip joint?

A

Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)

Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)

N. to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)

Superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

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13
Q

Posterior dislocation of the hip should alert you to damage of what nerve?

A

Sciatic nerve

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14
Q

The sciatic nerve contains what spinal cord segments?

A

L4-S3

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15
Q

The sciatic nerve bifurcates into what as it approaches the upper part of the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial and common fibular nn.

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16
Q

The common fibular nerve divides into what two nerves?

A

Superficial and deep fibular nerves

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17
Q

The superficial fibular n. supplies the _____ compartment of the leg, while the deep fibular nerve supplies the _____ compartment of the leg

A

Superficial fibular > Lateral compartment

Deep fibular > Anterior compartment

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18
Q

The tibial n. branches at the sole of the foot into what two nerves?

A

Medial & Lateral plantar nn

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19
Q

The communicating branches of the common fibular n. and tibial n. forms the _____

A

Sural n.

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20
Q

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris tendon (superolateral)

Semimembranosus & semitendinosus mm. (superomedial)

Lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius m. (inferomedial/inferolateral)

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21
Q

Nerves in the popliteal fossa?

A

Common fibular n. (branches)

Tibial n. (branches)

Sural n.

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22
Q

The femoral artery emerges as the _____ once it exits the adductor hiatus.

A

Popliteal artery

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23
Q

What are the names of the genicular arteries? What are they branches of?

A

Superior lateral genicular

Superior medial genicular

Inferior lateral genicular

Inferior medial genicular

Middle genicular

Branches of popliteal artery

24
Q

Major structures of popliteal fossa anterior to psoterior?

A

Tibial & Common fibular nn.

Popliteal v.

Popliteal a.

25
Q

The popliteal artery divides distal to the knee joint into what two arteries?

A

Anterior tibial a.

Posterior tibial a.

26
Q

The posterior and anterior tibial aa. are found on their respective sides of what structure?

A

Interosseous membrane

27
Q

The deep fascia of the leg is known as _____

A

Crural fascia

28
Q

Innervation and blood supply of anterior compartment of leg?

A

Deep fibular n.

Anterior tibial vessels

29
Q

Innervation and blood supply of lateral compartment of leg?

A

Superficial fibular n.

Fibular a. branches

30
Q

Innervation and blood supply of posterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibial n.

Posterior tibial a.

31
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibialis anterios

Extensor digitorum longus

Fibularis tertius

Extensor hallucis longus

32
Q

Tibialis anterior action?

A

Inversion

Dorsiflexion

33
Q

Fibularis tertius action?

A

Eversion

34
Q

Muscles of lateral compartment of leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

35
Q

Fibularis longus & brevis actions?

A

Weak plantar flexion and eversion

36
Q

Which nerve is sensory to a small triangle of skin between the 1st and 2nd digits of the foot?

A

Deep fibular n.

37
Q

Which nerve is sensory to most of the skin on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial fibular n.

38
Q

Muscles of posterior compartment of leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

Popliteus

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

39
Q

Actions of tibialis posterior m.?

A

Inversion

Plantarflexion

40
Q

Which muscle pulls on the lateral epicondyle of the femur to unlock the knee after it has been extended?

A

Popliteus m.

41
Q

Structures going around the medial malleolus of tibia anterior to posterior?

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry!

Tibialis posterior m.

Flexor digitorum longus m.

Posterior tibial a. and v.

Tibial n.

Flexor hallucis longus m.

42
Q

Three muscles that form the achilles tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

43
Q

In order to stop inversion of the foot, the nerve supply to which two muscles must be cut?

A

Tibilis anterior AND posterior

44
Q

The flexor hallucis longus tendon runs inferiorly to which bony structure?

A

Sustentaculum tali

45
Q

Three articulations of knee joint?

A

Two femorotibial articulations (b/w condyles of femur, medial and lateral tibial plateaus)

One femoropatellar articulation

Knee joint does NOT involve fibula

46
Q

The MCL attaches to what fibrocartilaginous structure? What is the clinical implication of this attachment?

A

Medial meniscus

Tearing of MCL usually results in tear of medial meniscus

47
Q

Which ligament arises from the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to the anterior intercondylar area of tibia?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

48
Q

What abnormal movements does the ACL prevent?

A

Anterior displacement of tibia

Hyperextension

49
Q

What ligamet arises from the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle and attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

50
Q

What abnormal movements does the PCL prevent?

A

Posterior displacement of tibia

Hyperflexion

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior knee?

A

Femoral n. (L2-L4)

52
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior knee?

A

Tibial n. (L4-S2) from sciatic n.

53
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial knee?

A

Obturator n. (L2-L4)

54
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral knee?

A

Common fibular n. (L4-S2)

55
Q

Four bursae of knee?

A

Prepatellar bursa

Superficial (Subcutaneous) Bursa & Deep infrapatellar bursae

Suprapatellar bursa

56
Q

Which bursae communicates with the rest of the knee joint? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Suprapatellar bursa

Allows for extraction of cells without disrupting the knee joint itself. Spread of inflammation.

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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