Hip, Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Leg & Knee Joint Flashcards
Ligaments of hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Dislocations of the knee typically occur in what direction?
Posteriorly
Hip joint is stronger anteriorly
Iliofemoral ligament attachments?
AIIS
Intertrochanteric line
Pubofemoral ligament attachments?
Obturator crest
Ischiofemoral ligament (after wrapping around neck of femur)
The _____ is the posterior ligament of the hip joint
Ischiofemoral ligament
In children, the _____ is the only artery supplying the proximal part of the of the head of the femur between epiphyseal plates.
Acetabular branch of obturator artery
Two main arteries supplying the hip joint?
Lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries
The medial femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?
The pectineus and iliopsoas mm.
The lateral femoral circumflex artery runs between which two muscles?
Rectus femoris and iliopsoas mm.
The _____ are branches of the lateral & medial circumflex femoral aa. that supply the head of the femur
Retinacular aa.
The retinacular arteries are destroyed in what specific injury? What pathology results from the destruction of those arteries?
Subcapital fracture
Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis)
Four nerves supplying the hip joint?
Femoral n. (L2, L3, L4)
Obturator n. (L2, L3, L4)
N. to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
Superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)
Posterior dislocation of the hip should alert you to damage of what nerve?
Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve contains what spinal cord segments?
L4-S3
The sciatic nerve bifurcates into what as it approaches the upper part of the popliteal fossa?
Tibial and common fibular nn.
The common fibular nerve divides into what two nerves?
Superficial and deep fibular nerves
The superficial fibular n. supplies the _____ compartment of the leg, while the deep fibular nerve supplies the _____ compartment of the leg
Superficial fibular > Lateral compartment
Deep fibular > Anterior compartment
The tibial n. branches at the sole of the foot into what two nerves?
Medial & Lateral plantar nn
The communicating branches of the common fibular n. and tibial n. forms the _____
Sural n.
Boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris tendon (superolateral)
Semimembranosus & semitendinosus mm. (superomedial)
Lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius m. (inferomedial/inferolateral)
Nerves in the popliteal fossa?
Common fibular n. (branches)
Tibial n. (branches)
Sural n.
The femoral artery emerges as the _____ once it exits the adductor hiatus.
Popliteal artery
What are the names of the genicular arteries? What are they branches of?
Superior lateral genicular
Superior medial genicular
Inferior lateral genicular
Inferior medial genicular
Middle genicular
Branches of popliteal artery
Major structures of popliteal fossa anterior to psoterior?
Tibial & Common fibular nn.
Popliteal v.
Popliteal a.
The popliteal artery divides distal to the knee joint into what two arteries?
Anterior tibial a.
Posterior tibial a.
The posterior and anterior tibial aa. are found on their respective sides of what structure?
Interosseous membrane
The deep fascia of the leg is known as _____
Crural fascia
Innervation and blood supply of anterior compartment of leg?
Deep fibular n.
Anterior tibial vessels
Innervation and blood supply of lateral compartment of leg?
Superficial fibular n.
Fibular a. branches
Innervation and blood supply of posterior compartment of leg?
Tibial n.
Posterior tibial a.
Muscles of anterior compartment of leg?
Tibialis anterios
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior action?
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Fibularis tertius action?
Eversion
Muscles of lateral compartment of leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus & brevis actions?
Weak plantar flexion and eversion
Which nerve is sensory to a small triangle of skin between the 1st and 2nd digits of the foot?
Deep fibular n.
Which nerve is sensory to most of the skin on the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial fibular n.
Muscles of posterior compartment of leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Actions of tibialis posterior m.?
Inversion
Plantarflexion
Which muscle pulls on the lateral epicondyle of the femur to unlock the knee after it has been extended?
Popliteus m.
Structures going around the medial malleolus of tibia anterior to posterior?
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry!
Tibialis posterior m.
Flexor digitorum longus m.
Posterior tibial a. and v.
Tibial n.
Flexor hallucis longus m.
Three muscles that form the achilles tendon?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
In order to stop inversion of the foot, the nerve supply to which two muscles must be cut?
Tibilis anterior AND posterior
The flexor hallucis longus tendon runs inferiorly to which bony structure?
Sustentaculum tali
Three articulations of knee joint?
Two femorotibial articulations (b/w condyles of femur, medial and lateral tibial plateaus)
One femoropatellar articulation
Knee joint does NOT involve fibula
The MCL attaches to what fibrocartilaginous structure? What is the clinical implication of this attachment?
Medial meniscus
Tearing of MCL usually results in tear of medial meniscus
Which ligament arises from the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and attaches to the anterior intercondylar area of tibia?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
What abnormal movements does the ACL prevent?
Anterior displacement of tibia
Hyperextension
What ligamet arises from the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle and attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia?
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
What abnormal movements does the PCL prevent?
Posterior displacement of tibia
Hyperflexion
Which nerve innervates the anterior knee?
Femoral n. (L2-L4)
Which nerve innervates the posterior knee?
Tibial n. (L4-S2) from sciatic n.
Which nerve innervates the medial knee?
Obturator n. (L2-L4)
Which nerve innervates the lateral knee?
Common fibular n. (L4-S2)
Four bursae of knee?
Prepatellar bursa
Superficial (Subcutaneous) Bursa & Deep infrapatellar bursae
Suprapatellar bursa
Which bursae communicates with the rest of the knee joint? What is the clinical significance of this?
Suprapatellar bursa
Allows for extraction of cells without disrupting the knee joint itself. Spread of inflammation.
