Neck II: Larynx and Alimentary Structures

Question 1

What pharyngeal (branchial) arch are all of the skeletal structures of the deep neck derived from?

Answer 1

fourth and sixth

• thyroid cartilage
• cricoid cartilage
• arytenoid cartilage
• corniculate cartilage
• cuneiform cartilage

Question 2

Is the vocal fold on the inferior or superior side of the ventricle (opening) of the larynx?

Answer 2

inferior side

vestibular fold on the superior side of ventricle

Question 3

Which ligaments make up the conus elasticus of the larynx?

Answer 3

• vocal ligament

- lateral cricothyroid ligament

Question 4

The separates the zones of penetrating trauma, zones III and II?

Answer 4

Line through the Angle of Mandible.

zone III is most superior

Question 5

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 5

The opening between the true vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages.

Question 6

What structures make up the arytenoid carilage?

Answer 6

• vocal process
• apex
• muscular process

Question 7

What are the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 7

• Cricothyroid
• Thyro-arytenoid
• Posterior crico-arytenoid
• Lateral crico-arytenoid
• Transverse and oblique arytenoids
• Vocalis

Question 8

What are the actions of the cribothyroid muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 8

Stretch and Tense vocal ligament

Question 9

What is the action of the thyro-arytenoid muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 9

Relaxes vocal ligmanet (medial part is vocalis m.).

Question 10

What is the action of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 10

Abducts vocal ligment (opens rima glottidis).

Question 11

What is the action of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 11

Adducts vocal folds (closes rima glottidis).

Question 12

What is the action of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles, muscles of the larynx?

Answer 12

Adduct arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis).

Question 13

What are the actions of the vocalis muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 13

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of the anterior part.

Question 14

Which muscle of the larynx is responsible for opening the rima glottidis?

Answer 14

Posterior Crico-Arytenoid Muscle

Question 15

Which muscles of the larynx work together to close the rima glottidis?

Answer 15

• Lateral Crico-Arytenoid Muscle

- Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles

Question 16

Which muscle of the larynx acts to stretch and tense the vocal ligament?

Answer 16

Cricothyroid Muscle

Question 17

Which muscle of the larynx acts to relax the vocal ligament?

Answer 17

Thyro-arytenoid

the medial part is the vocalis m.)

Question 18

Which muscle of the larynx acts to abduct the vocal ligament?

Answer 18

Posterior Crico-arytenoid Muscle

opens rima glottidis

Question 19

Which muscle of the larynx acts to adduct the vocal folds?

Answer 19

Lateral Crico-arytenoid Muscle

closes rima glottidis

Question 20

Which muscle of the larynx acts to adduct the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 20

Transverse and Oblique arytenoid Muscles

closes rima glottidis

Question 21

Which muscle of the larynx acts to relax the posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension on the anterior part?

Answer 21

Vocalis Muscle

Question 22

What is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch from?

Answer 22

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 23

What are the two branches from the superior laryngeal nerve that supply motor and sensory innervation to the deep neck?

Answer 23

• Internal Branch (internal laryngeal n.)

- External Branch (external laryngeal n.)

Question 24

What does the external laryngeal nerve, a branch from the superior laryngeal nerve, provide motor innervation to?

Answer 24

Motor to Cricothyroid muscle.

Question 25

Where does the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch from the superior laryngeal nerve, provide sensory innervation to?

Answer 25

Sensory to: - glottis - laryngeal vestibule - vocal folds

Question 26

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch from?

Answer 26

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 27

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide motor innervation to?

Answer 27

Motor to all laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid muscle.

Question 28

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve provide sensory innervation to?

Answer 28

Sensory to subglottis.

Question 29

What nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle, a muscle of the larynx?

Answer 29

External Laryngeal Nerve *which is a branch off of the superior laryngeal nerve*

Question 30

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the subglottis?

Answer 30

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 31

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the glottis, laryngeal vestibule, and vocal folds?

Answer 31

internal laryngeal nerve *which is a branch off of the superior laryngeal nerve*

Question 32

What nerve provides motor innervation too all laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve?

Answer 32

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 33

What is the portion of the pharynx superior of the uvula called?

Answer 33

nasopharynx

Question 34

What is the portion of the pharynx from the bottom of the uvula to the superior portion of the epiglottis called?

Answer 34

oropharynx

Question 35

What is the portion of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the beginning of the esophagus called?

Answer 35

laryngopharynx

Question 36

Which two arteries provide arterial supply to the palatine tonsils?

Answer 36

- tonsillar branch of ascending palatine artery | - tonsillar branch of facial artery

Question 37

List the pharyngeal constrictors and associated pharyngeal muscles.

Answer 37

- Superior constrictor - Middle constrictor - Inferior constrictor - Stylopharyngeus

Question 38

How many stages are there in the process of swallowing?

Answer 38

3 Stages

Question 39

What is stage 1 of swallowing?

Answer 39

- Voluntary - The bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from the mouth into the oropharynx, mainly by movements of the muscles of the tongue and soft palate.

Question 40

What is stage 2 of swallowing?

Answer 40

- Involuntary and Rapid - The soft palate is elevated, sealing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx. - The pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus of food as the suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating the larynx.

Question 41

What is stage 3 of swallowing?

Answer 41

- Involuntary; Sequential Contraction | - Of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles forces the food bolus inferiorly into esophagus.

Question 42

Make sure to look at all of the images.

Answer 42

Label and understand relationships!! **Keep working hard guys, we are almost there!!**