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Human Anatomy II -- Unit 3 -- Zach H. > Neck 1: Superficial Structures of the Prevertebral and Lateral Cervical Regions > Flashcards

Neck 1: Superficial Structures of the Prevertebral and Lateral Cervical Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve is derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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2
Q

What muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
  • tensor tympanic
  • tensor veli palatini
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3
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • malleus

- incus

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4
Q

What ligaments are derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • anterior ligament of malleus

- sphenomandibular ligament

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5
Q

What nerve is derived from the second pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Facial nerve

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6
Q

What muscles are derived from the second pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • stepdius
  • stylohyoid
  • posterior belly of digastric
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7
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the second pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • stapes
  • styloid process
  • lesser cornu of hyoid
  • upper part of body of hyoid bone
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8
Q

What ligaments are derived from the second pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

stylohyoid ligament

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9
Q

What nerve is derived from the third pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

What muscle is derived from the third pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

stylopahryngeus

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11
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the third pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A
  • greater cornu of hyoid

- lower part of body of hyoid bone

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12
Q

What nerves are derived from the fourth and sixth pharyngeal (branchial) arches?

A
  • superior laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

- recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

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13
Q

What muscles are derived from the fourth and sixth pharyngeal (branchial) arches?

A
  • cricothyroid
  • levator veli palatini
  • constrictors of pharynx
  • intrinsic muscles of larynx
  • striated muscles of esophagus
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14
Q

What skeletal structures are derived from the fourth and sixth pharyngeal (branchial) arches?

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • arytenoid cartilage
  • corniculate cartilage
  • cuneiform cartilage
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15
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the superficial neck?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Posterior cervical region
  • Lateral cervical/Posterior triangle
  • Anterior cervical/Anterior triangle
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16
Q

What makes up all of the boundaries of the superficial neck?

A

muscles and the midline

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17
Q

What is the platysma muscle innervated by?

A

Cervical branch off of the Facial nerve (CN VII).

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18
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle innervated by?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).

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19
Q

What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • lateral flexion with rotation
  • extension at atlanto-occipital joints
  • flexion of cervical vertebrae (person is supine)
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20
Q

What are the two primary types of Toticollis?

A

(1) Fibromatosis colli - (fibrous tissue accumulates in the muscle; most common in neonates).
(2) Muscular toticollis - (“Wry neck”; can be congenital - infants; birth trauma - infants; muscular or nerve injury).

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21
Q

What are the 5 compartments of the neck?

A
  • superficial fascia
  • investing layer
  • pretracheal layer
  • prevertebral layer
  • alar fascia and carotid sheath
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22
Q

Between what layers of the superficial neck does the hyoid muscles sit between?

A

Pre-tracheal layer and Investing layer.

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23
Q

What gland and structures are found within the pretracheal layer?

A
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
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24
Q

What muscle of the superficial neck is surrounded by the investing layer?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) m.

trapezius is also surrounded by the investing layer

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25
What structures are found in the alar fascia and carotid sheath of the superficial neck?
- common carotid layer - vagus nerve - internal jugular vein - lymph
26
Between which two fasical layers of the neck is the retropharyngeal space located?
- prevertebral layer (posterior) | - alar fascia (anterior)
27
Other than the trapezius muscle, which is encased in the investing layer, what fascial layer surrounds the deep, posterior neck muscles?
prevertebral layer
28
Make sure to label the superficial veins of the neck.
slide 24 in the lecture notes
29
In a superficial dissection of the neck, what nerves and muscles are found deep to the investing fascia?
- Accessory n. (CN XI) - Dorsal Scapular n. - Nerve to Levator Scapulae - Roots of Brachial Plexus - Phrenic n. - Scalene muscles - Splenius capitis
30
What nerve is always found sitting on top of the anterior scalene?
Phrenic nerve
31
Which cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the skin on the anterior side of the neck?
transverse cervical (C2, C3)
32
What is the nerve point of the neck called where a physician would perform a nerve block in the lateral cervical region?
Erb's point
33
Which cervical root provides the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C1
34
Which cervical roots provide the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C2 and C3
35
What is the ansa cervicalis?
A loop of nerves from the cervical plexus (C1-C3) that carry somatomotor innervation to most of the infrahyoid (below the hyoid bone) muscles in the neck. * * C1 does suprahyoid muscles * * C2, C3 does infrahyoid muscles
36
What cranial nerve is the carotid sinus nerve a branch from?
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
37
Which 3 extrinsic muscles of the hyoid overlay the larynx?
- Sternohyoid - Thyrohyoid - Omohyoid
38
Of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx, which of considered suprahyoid muscles?
- mylohyoid - geniohyoid - digastrics
39
Of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx, which are considered infrahyoid muscles?
- sternohyoid - omohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid
40
What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?
Elevates hyoid and tongue.
41
What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?
Shortens mouth floor.
42
What is the action of the digastrics muscle?
Depresses mandible and steadies hyoid.
43
What is the action of the sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles?
Depress and steady the hyoid.
44
What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle?
Depresses hyoid and larynx.
45
What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx.
46
What is the mylohyoid muscle innervated by?
Nerve to mylohyoid from inferior alveolar n. - Trigeminal.
47
What is the geniohyoid muscle innervated by?
C1 via the hypoglossal nerve.
48
What is the nerve to the mylohyoid a branch off of?
Inferior alveolar nerve (Trigemnial)
49
What is the anterior portion of the digastric muscle innervated by?
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
50
What is the posterior portion of the digastric muscle innervated by?
facial nerve
51
What is the sternohyoid, omohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles innervated by?
Ansa Cervicalis
52
What is the thyrohyoid muscle innervated by?
C1 via the hypoglossal nerve.
53
List the anterior vertebral muscles.
- Longus colli - Longus capitis - Rectus capitis anterior - Anterior scalene
54
What is the action of the longus colli muscle, which is an anterior vertebral muscle?
Flex neck, rotate opposite side of neck unilaterally.
55
What is the action of the longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and the anterior scalene, which are all anterior vertebral muscles?
flex the neck
56
List the lateral vertebral muscles.
- Rectus capitis lateralis - Splenius capitis - Levator scapulae - MIddle and Posterior scalenes
57
What is the action of the rectus capitis lateralis, which is a lateral vertebral muscle?
Flex and Stabilize Head
58
What are the actions of the splenius capitis, which is a lateral vertebral muscle?
- Laterally flex and rotate head to same side. | - Bilaterally extend head.
59
What are the actions of the levator scapulae, which is a lateral vertebral muscle?
- Elevate scapula | - Tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly
60
What are the actions of the middle and posterior scalene, which are lateral vertebral muscles?
- Flex neck laterally | - Elevate 2nd rib during inspiration
61
What vertebral muscle does the middle cervical ganglion lay on top of?
Longus colli
62
What tubercle and vertebral level is the middle cervical ganglion found near in the prevertebral region of the neck?
Found near the carotid tubercle, which is at C6.
63
Where does the thoracic duct drain into the venous system?
Bifurcation of the left brachiocephalic vein. | left subclavian and left jugular
64
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into the venous system?
Bifurcation of the right brachiocephalic vein. | right subclavian and right jugular
65
In the dissection of the root of the neck, with the sternocleidomastoid reflected, what vessels are found?
- Subclavian Artery | - Thyrocervical Truck - inferior thyroid, cervicodorsal trunk, and the suprascapular artery.
66
What makes up the thyrocervical trunk?
- inferior thyroid a. - cervicodorsal trunk - suprascapular a.
67
What three ganglion found in the root of the neck and prevertebral region are for autonomic innervation?
- superior cervical ganglion - middle cervical ganglion - inferior cervical ganglion **sympathetic**
68
What part of the thyroid gland connects the right and left lobe of the gland?
isthmus
69
From which artery does the superior thyroid artery arise, to supply the superior portion of the thyroid gland?
right and left external carotid artery
70
From which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise, to supply the inferior potion of the thyroid gland?
Inferior thyroid artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk, which arises from the right and left subclavian arteries.
71
Where does the thyroid ima artery arise, to supply the isthmus of the thyroid gland?
right common carotid artery **this can be variable from patient to patient**
72
Which nerve courses posterior to the thyroid gland and anterior to the larynx/trachea?
left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves
73
What are the 3 portions of the vertebral artery, which arises from the right and left subclavian arteries?
- suboccipital part (superior) - vertebral part - cervical part (inferior)

Human Anatomy II -- Unit 3 -- Zach H. (5 decks)

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