Deep Face II Flashcards
What is the pterygopalatine fossa?
A small pyramid-shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit.
What is the anterior boarder of the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxillary tuberosity
What is the posterior boarder of the pterygopalatine fossa?
pterygoid process of sphenoid (lateral plate)
What is the medial boarder of the pterygopalatine fossa?
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
What is the lateral boarder of the pterygopalatine fossa?
opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
What makes up the roof of the pterygopalatine fossa?
(incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid
What makes up the floor of the pterygopalatine fossa?
pyramidal process of palatine bone
What does the superior opening of the pterygopalatine fossa open into?
Opens into inferior orbital fissure.
What does the inferior opening of the pterygopalatine fossa open into?
Closed, except for the palatine foramen.
What foramen is the only inferior opening in the floor of the pterygopalatine fossa?
palatine foramen
What are the fissure openings of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Pterygomaxillary fissure
What are the foramina openings of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- spheno-palatine foramen
- foramen rotundum
What are the canal openings of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- pharyngeal canal
- vidian canal (pterygoid canal)
- pterygopalatine canal
Which foramen does the maxillary nerve (CN V2) pass through?
Foramen Rotundum
True or False:
The maxillary nerve (CN V2) only supplies somatic sensory innervation.
True
What areas receive somatic sensory innervation from the maxillary nerve (CN V2)?
Supplies:
> dura mater of anterior part of middle cranial fossa
> conjunctiva of inferior eyelid
> mucosa of posteroinferior nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate, and anterior part of superior oral vestibule
> maxillary teeth
> skin of lateral external nose, inferior eyelid, anterior cheek, and upper lip
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- maxillary nerve (CN V2)
- pterygopalatine ganglion
- third part of maxillary artery
Which nerves, that originate in the orbit, pass through the inferior orbital fissure into the pterygopalatine fossa?
- infraorbital n.
- zygomatic n.
- orbital branches (from CN V2)
Which vessels, that originate in the orbit, pass through the inferior orbital fissure into the pterygopalatine fossa?
- infraorbital a (and accompanying vv.)
- inferior ophthalmic v.
Which nerves, that originate in the middle cranial fossa, pass through the foramen rotundum into the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxillary n. (CN V2)
Which nerves, that originate in the base of the skull, pass through the pterygoid canal (vidian) into the pterygopalatine fossa?
N. of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal nn.)
Which vessels, that originate in the base of the skull, pass through the pterygoid canal (vidian) into the pterygopalatine fossa?
Artery of pterygoid canal (with accompanying vv.)
Which nerve, that originates in the palate, pass through the greater palatine canal into the pterygopalatine fossa?
greater palatine nerve
Which vessels, that originate in the palate, pass through the greater palatine canal into the pterygopalatine fossa?
- descending palatine artery
- greater palatine artery
Which nerve, that originates in the palate, pass through the lesser palatine canals into the pterygopalatine fossa?
lesser palatine nn.
Which vessels, that originate in the palate, pass through the lesser palatine canals into the pterygopalatine fossa?
lesser palatine aa. (terminal branches of descending palatine a.)
Which nerve, that originates in the nasal cavity, passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the pterygopalatine fossa?
medial and lateral posterior superior and posterior inferior nasal branches (from nasopalatine n., CN V2)
Which vessel, that originates in the nasal cavity, passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the pterygopalatine fossa?
sphenopalatine artery (with accompanying vv.)
Which branch off of the maxillary nerve (CN V2) has a communicating branch that conveys parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal nerve (CN V1)?
zygomaticotemporal nerve
What nerve provides parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Facial nerve (CN VII) via the greater petrosal nerve.
Which two nerves join to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
- Greater petrosal nerve
- Deep petrosal nerve
Parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve supply the pterygopalatine ganglion. What areas are then supplied with parasympathetic innervation from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
- Lacrimal gland
- Nasal cavity via sphenopalatine nerves
- nasal cavity and palate via greater and lesser palatine nerves.
- pharynx via pharyngeal branch
Where does the deep petrosal nerve arise from?
Internal Carotid Plexus
What is the only named sympathetic nerve?
deep petrosal nerve
The deep petrosal nerve arises from the internal carotid plexus. What does it convey?
Conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion (but do not synapse there).
True or False:
Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion.
True
List the nervous structures found in the pterygopalatine fossa.
- Infraorbital n.
- Zygomatic n.
- Orbital branches (V2)
- Maxillary n. (V2)
- Nerve of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal n.)
- Greater palatine n.
- Lesser palatine n.
- Medial and lateral superior and posterior inferior nasal branches from nasopalatine n. (V2)
From which main artery do all of the arteries of the pterygopalatine fossa arise from?
Maxillary Artery