Neck And Vertebra Flashcards
The deep muscles of the back have specific ____ and ____ that are important for movement. attachments
actions
The vertebral column is essential for ____ and ____ of the body. support
protection
Vertebrae articulate with each other through their ____ and ____ components. component parts
articulating surfaces
The foramina associated with vertebrae allow for the passage of ____ and ____ structures. nerves
blood vessels
To understand the vertebral column
one must identify features on ____ and ____ images. bones
Primary spinal curvatures are different from secondary spinal curvatures in that they are present at ____ and develop during ____. birth
growth
Dorsal roots carry ____ information while ventral roots carry ____ information. sensory
motor
Dorsal rami and ventral rami are branches of spinal nerves that serve different ____ and ____ in the body. regions
functions
Intervertebral joints can be classified as either ____ or ____ based on their structure. cartilaginous
synovial
The different spinal ligaments play a crucial role in providing ____ and ____ to the vertebral column. stability
support
The ____ is a bony landmark located at the back of the skull
while the ____ is the spinous process at the seventh cervical vertebra. External Occipital Protuberance
The ____ is found at the medial border of the scapula
and the ____ is located at the iliac crest corresponding to the L4 spinous process. Medial border of scapula
The inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to the ____ spinous process
while the ____ is the bony landmark at T3. T7
The posterior superior iliac spine is associated with the ____ spinous process
and the ____ is a key landmark in back surface anatomy. S2
The bony framework of the back includes the ____ and the ____. scapula
vertebral column
The os coxa
also known as the hip bone
The superficial muscles of the back have attachment sites at ____ and ____ landmarks. origins
insertions
The prime movers of the upper limb are innervated by the ____ rami and are located in the ____ region. ventral
back
In anatomical sciences
the sacrum is part of the ____ and is located in the ____ view. vertebral column
The deep muscles of the back attach at the _____ and _____ processes of vertebrae. spinous
transverse
To maintain an upright position with minimal muscle activation
the deep muscles of the back are primarily responsible for _____ and _____ stability. postural
The deep muscles of the back are innervated by _____ rami
which are branches of spinal nerves. dorsal
The erector spinae
also known as _____ muscles
The deep muscles of the back help in maintaining an upright position with _____ muscle activation and are attached to the _____ of vertebrae. minimal
processes
Afferent fibers are responsible for carrying ____ signals towards the CNS
while efferent fibers carry ____ signals away from the CNS. sensory
The major functional types of nerve fibers found in spinal nerves include ____ and ____ fibers. sensory
motor
In the dorsal roots
the primary type of nerve fibers present is ____ fibers
Both the ventral rami and dorsal rami contain ____ and ____ fibers
making them essential for communication within the nervous system. sensory
The spinal nerves consist of both ____ and ____ fibers
which are crucial for transmitting information to and from the CNS. sensory
The ____ is a group of muscles that helps maintain posture and supports the spine
while the ____ muscles assist in breathing. erector spinae
In a typical spinal nerve
the two main divisions are the ____ and ____ ramus. dorsal
The thoracic vertebrae are associated with the ____ muscles of the back and the ____ muscles that aid in respiration. superficial back
intercostal
The ____ root carries sensory information
while the ____ root carries motor information in the spinal cord. dorsal
The spinal nerve divides into the dorsal ramus and the ____ ramus
which are important for ____ communication. ventral
The two general kinds of terminal branches of peripheral nerves are _____ and _____. muscular
cutaneous
The dorsal ramus is associated with _____ innervation and the muscular branch is responsible for _____. motor
muscle control
In the context of spinal nerves
the cutaneous branch primarily deals with _____ while the muscular branch focuses on _____. sensory information
A cross section through the thoracic vertebra shows the relationship between _____ and the _____ of the back. nerves
muscles
The anatomical sciences study the structure of the body
including the _____ and _____ branches of spinal nerves. muscular
The cell bodies for afferent fibers are located in the _____ and the cell bodies for efferent fibers are located in the _____ gray matter. dorsal root ganglion
spinal cord
In the spinal cord
the _____ horn contains the cell bodies for efferent fibers
The _____ root is responsible for carrying sensory information
while the _____ ramus serves to innervate muscles and skin. dorsal
The anatomical structures involved in the spinal cord include the _____ root
_____ root ganglion
In a cross section through the thoracic vertebra
the _____ ramus and _____ ramus are important for nerve distribution. dorsal
The _____ root ganglion is crucial for sensory input
while the _____ horn is essential for motor output. dorsal
The vertebral column consists of ____ cervical
____ thoracic
The primary spinal curvatures are ____ and ____ which are present at birth. kyphotic
thoracic & sacrococcygeal
Secondary spinal curvatures develop as a child starts to hold their head up and stand
resulting in ____ and ____ curvatures. lordotic
The kyphotic curvature is characterized by being ____ anteriorly
while the lordotic curvature is ____ posteriorly. concave
The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are fused
with ____ sacral and ____ coccygeal vertebrae. 5
The vertebral column provides ____ to the upper body and ____ to the pelvis. support
forces
One function of the vertebral column is to allow for ____ and ____ of the body. movement
motion
The vertebral segments work together to allow for ____ motion and ____ motion. greater
small amounts of
The vertebral column plays a crucial role in the ____ of the nervous system and provides ____ to the body. protection
support
Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column and its ____ function. vertebral
support
Each vertebral segment allows for ____ amounts of motion
contributing to the overall ____ of the spine. small
The functions of the vertebral column include support
movement
The vertebral column provides ____ to the upper body and ____ to the nervous system. support
protection
Each vertebral segment allows for ____ amounts of motion
while collectively they allow for ____ motion. small
The functions of the vertebral column include support
movement
Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column
which also allows for ____ movement. vertebral
The vertebral column’s ability to allow for greater motion is due to the ____ of its segments working together and providing ____ support. collective action
structural
One function of the vertebral column is to allow for ____ motion at each segment and ____ motion collectively. small amounts of
greater
The vertebral column protects the ____ system while also providing ____ and movement. nervous
support
Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column
which also allows for ____ of motion. vertebral
The vertebral column’s functions include support
movement
The typical vertebra consists of a vertebral body
a transverse process
The vertebral arch is made up of the pedicle and the ____. lamina
The inferior articular processes of a vertebra articulate with the ____ articular processes of another vertebra. superior
The stacking parts of the vertebra include the vertebral body
transverse process
In a typical vertebra
the joint between the inferior and superior articular processes is known as a ____ joint. facet
The sacrum consists of ____ fused sacral vertebrae and articulates laterally with ____. 5
ilia
The coccyx is made up of ____ fused coccygeal vertebrae and may fuse to the sacrum in ____ age. 4
advanced
The anterior sacral foramina are located on the ____ side of the sacrum
while the posterior sacral foramina are on the ____ side. anterior
The sacrococcygeal joint connects the sacrum to the ____ and is important for ____ movement. coccyx
pelvic
In advanced age
the coccyx may ____ to the sacrum
The sacrum has both anterior and posterior sacral foramina that allow for the passage of ____ and ____. nerves
blood vessels
The sacrum is described as having a wing-like structure known as the ____ and features a prominent ____ at its base. ala
promontory
The lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back and consist of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5
with L5 sitting on top of the _____. sacrum
The spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae are broad and project _____
while the vertebral bodies are _____ in size. posteriorly
The articular facets of lumbar vertebrae are vertical and face _____ and _____
providing stability to the spine. postero-
As we move up the spine from L5 to L1
the vertebral bodies become _____ in size and the supporting weight is _____ distributed. smaller
In anatomical terms
the lumbar vertebrae are crucial for supporting most _____ and allowing for a range of _____ in the lower back. weight
The spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae are ____ and ____. long
slender
The vertebral bodies in the thoracic region are ____ than those in the lumbar region and have ____ articular facets. smaller
less vertical
The articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face ____ and are positioned ____ compared to lumbar vertebrae. posteriorly
differently
Costal facets on thoracic vertebrae are specifically for the ____ of the ribs and are located on the ____ of the vertebrae. heads
sides
The thoracic vertebrae have spinous processes that project ____ and are ____ in shape. inferiorly
long and slender
In thoracic vertebrae
the ribs connect at the ____ facets
The thoracic vertebrae have a ____ shape and the spinous processes are ____ in comparison to cervical vertebrae. cylindrical
shorter
In the thoracic region
the superior articular facet faces ____ and the transverse costal facet is for ____. posteriorly
Cervical vertebrae may be ____ and have a unique feature called the ____ foramen. bifid
transverse
The vertebral bodies in the thoracic region are generally ____ and the articular facets are nearly ____ in orientation. small
horizontal
The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae project ____ while the articular facets face ____ in the cervical region. posteriorly
postero-superiorly
Rib 6 articulates with the thoracic vertebrae at the ____ costal facet and the ____ costal facet. superior
transverse
The vertebral foramen is important for protecting the ____ and allowing the passage of ____. spinal cord
spinal nerves
The intervertebral foramina are openings that allow ____ to exit the spinal column and connect to the ____ system. spinal nerves
peripheral nervous
The transverse foramen is a feature found in the cervical vertebrae that allows the passage of ____ arteries and ____ veins. vertebral
vertebral
C8 is the designation for the lowest cervical spinal nerve
which is located between the ____ and ____ vertebrae. C7
The joint capsule is a structure that surrounds a joint
providing stability and allowing for ____ and ____ movement. flexion
Temple University is associated with the study of anatomical sciences
particularly in the field of ____ and ____ anatomy. human
The spinal nerve C8 is significant because it is the last of the ____ nerves before transitioning to the ____ nerves. cervical
thoracic
The term ‘foramina’ refers to multiple openings in the body
which are crucial for the passage of ____ and ____ structures. nerves
The anatomical study of the vertebral column includes understanding the function of the ____ foramen and the ____ foramina. vertebral
intervertebral
In anatomical sciences
the study of the spinal cord includes understanding the relationship between the ____ and the ____ foramina. vertebral foramen
The ____ is the opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal column
while the ____ is the central canal for the spinal cord. intervertebral foramen
In an X-ray
the ____ view shows the side profile of the spine
The ____ foramen is associated with the vertebral artery
while the ____ foramen is where spinal nerves pass through. transverse
The ____ is a structure in the sacrum that can be seen in X-rays
while the ____ is a type of view used to assess spinal alignment. posterior
The vertebral artery passes through the ____ foramina of the cervical vertebrae
specifically in the ____ region. transverse
The spinous process of C1 is also known as the ____ and is characterized by the absence of a ____ process. atlas
spinous
C2 is known for its ____ spinous process
which is a distinguishing feature of the ____ vertebrae. bifid
The posterior tubercle of C1 is located on the ____ vertebra
which is unique because it does not have a ____ process. atlas
In anatomical studies
W. Robinson focuses on the ____ sciences
The ____ is a bone in the neck that has a posterior tubercle and an anterior tubercle
while the ____ is the second cervical vertebra. Atlas
The superior articular facets are found on the ____ vertebra
which connects to the skull
In anatomical terms
the posterior tubercle is located on the ____ vertebra
The anatomical features of the atlas include the posterior tubercle and the superior articular facets
while the ____ vertebra is known as the ____ vertebra. Axis
The Axis is a vertebra that has a unique structure including the ____ and the ____ process. Dens
Spinous
In the anatomical study of the Axis
the ____ articular facets and the ____ process are important features. Superior
The Axis articulates with the ____ and has a prominent ____ process. Atlas
Dens
The anatomical features of the Axis include the spinous process and the ____ articular facet
which is crucial for movement. Anterior
The Axis is part of the cervical vertebrae and includes structures like the ____ and the ____ process. Transverse
Superior articular
The intervertebral disc consists of the anulus fibrosis and the _____
which is located at the center. nucleus pulposus
In the structure of the intervertebral disc
the anulus fibrosis is the _____ part
The intervertebral disc is found between adjacent _____ in the vertebral column. vertebrae
bones
The anulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc is similar in shape to a _____ tire
providing support and structure. steel-belted radial
The intervertebral disc herniation involves the ____ and the ____ of the disc. nucleus
annulus
The zygapophyseal joints are classified as ____ joints and are found in the ____ view. synovial
lateral
In anatomical sciences
the nucleus pulposus is part of the intervertebral disc
The term ‘habilis’ refers to a species that is known for its ability to ____ and ____ in its environment. walk
escape
The anatomical study of the intervertebral disc includes the ____ and the ____ that surrounds it. nucleus pulposus
joint capsule
The zygapophyseal joints are also known as ____ joints and are located between the ____ and ____ articular facets. facet
superior
The zygapophyseal joint capsule is a type of ____ joint that allows for ____ and ____ movements. synovial
rotation
The shape and orientation of the articular surfaces in zygapophyseal joints determine the available ____ such as ____ and ____. movements
rotation
In the zygapophyseal joints
the articulation occurs between the ____ and ____ articular facets
The zygapophyseal joints are enclosed within a ____ joint capsule
allowing for specific types of ____. synovial
The ____ ligament runs along the front of the vertebral bodies
while the ____ ligament runs along the back. Anterior longitudinal ligament
The ____ ligament connects adjacent spinous processes
whereas the ____ ligament is located between the laminae of the vertebrae. Interspinous ligament
The ____ ligament is found on top of the spinous processes
while the ____ ligament is located at the back of the vertebral column. Supraspinous ligament
In a lateral view of the spine
the ____ ligament is seen running along the vertebral bodies
The ____ ligament provides support to the spinal column by connecting the spinous processes
while the ____ ligament helps maintain the stability of the vertebrae. Interspinous ligament
In the lateral view of spinal ligaments
the ____ and ____ are important structures to identify. pedicles
The anterior view of spinal ligaments includes the ____ and ____ ligaments. anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
The ____ and ____ are components of the spinal ligaments that can be observed in a posterior view. pedicles
ligamentum flavum
In anatomical sciences
the ____ is a key ligament found in the spinal structure
The spinal ligaments consist of various components
including the ____ and ____ in the anterior view. laminae
The ____ and ____ are significant in understanding the anatomy of spinal ligaments. ligamentum flavum
stiplesses
When studying spinal ligaments
the ____ and ____ are crucial for understanding their function and structure. pedicles
The nuchal ligament is a continuation of the ____ ligament and is associated with the ____ region of the spine. supraspinous
cervical
The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the ____ ligament and is found in the ____ part of the spinal column. posterior longitudinal
upper
During a spinal tap
the procedure is performed to retrieve ____ from the ____ space. CSF
In a lateral view of the spine
the inferior vertebra are generally ____ than the superior ones
The spinal ligaments include the nuchal ligament and the ____ membrane
which play roles in ____ stability. tectorial
A spinal tap
also known as a lumbar puncture
During a lumbar puncture
the needle is inserted between the ____ of the vertebrae to access the ____ space. spinous processes
The procedure of a spinal tap involves puncturing the skin and passing through the ____ and ____ to reach the spinal canal. muscle
connective tissue
In a spinal tap
the needle must be carefully guided through the ____ and into the ____ to avoid injury. ligaments
The lumbar puncture is typically performed in the ____ region of the spine
specifically between the ____ vertebrae. lower back
