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Exam 3 AS > Neck And Vertebra > Flashcards

Neck And Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

The deep muscles of the back have specific ____ and ____ that are important for movement. attachments

A

actions

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2
Q

The vertebral column is essential for ____ and ____ of the body. support

A

protection

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3
Q

Vertebrae articulate with each other through their ____ and ____ components. component parts

A

articulating surfaces

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4
Q

The foramina associated with vertebrae allow for the passage of ____ and ____ structures. nerves

A

blood vessels

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5
Q

To understand the vertebral column

A

one must identify features on ____ and ____ images. bones

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6
Q

Primary spinal curvatures are different from secondary spinal curvatures in that they are present at ____ and develop during ____. birth

A

growth

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7
Q

Dorsal roots carry ____ information while ventral roots carry ____ information. sensory

A

motor

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8
Q

Dorsal rami and ventral rami are branches of spinal nerves that serve different ____ and ____ in the body. regions

A

functions

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9
Q

Intervertebral joints can be classified as either ____ or ____ based on their structure. cartilaginous

A

synovial

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10
Q

The different spinal ligaments play a crucial role in providing ____ and ____ to the vertebral column. stability

A

support

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11
Q

The ____ is a bony landmark located at the back of the skull

A

while the ____ is the spinous process at the seventh cervical vertebra. External Occipital Protuberance

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12
Q

The ____ is found at the medial border of the scapula

A

and the ____ is located at the iliac crest corresponding to the L4 spinous process. Medial border of scapula

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13
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to the ____ spinous process

A

while the ____ is the bony landmark at T3. T7

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14
Q

The posterior superior iliac spine is associated with the ____ spinous process

A

and the ____ is a key landmark in back surface anatomy. S2

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15
Q

The bony framework of the back includes the ____ and the ____. scapula

A

vertebral column

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16
Q

The os coxa

A

also known as the hip bone

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17
Q

The superficial muscles of the back have attachment sites at ____ and ____ landmarks. origins

A

insertions

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18
Q

The prime movers of the upper limb are innervated by the ____ rami and are located in the ____ region. ventral

A

back

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19
Q

In anatomical sciences

A

the sacrum is part of the ____ and is located in the ____ view. vertebral column

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20
Q

The deep muscles of the back attach at the _____ and _____ processes of vertebrae. spinous

A

transverse

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21
Q

To maintain an upright position with minimal muscle activation

A

the deep muscles of the back are primarily responsible for _____ and _____ stability. postural

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22
Q

The deep muscles of the back are innervated by _____ rami

A

which are branches of spinal nerves. dorsal

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23
Q

The erector spinae

A

also known as _____ muscles

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24
Q

The deep muscles of the back help in maintaining an upright position with _____ muscle activation and are attached to the _____ of vertebrae. minimal

A

processes

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25
Q

Afferent fibers are responsible for carrying ____ signals towards the CNS

A

while efferent fibers carry ____ signals away from the CNS. sensory

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26
Q

The major functional types of nerve fibers found in spinal nerves include ____ and ____ fibers. sensory

A

motor

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27
Q

In the dorsal roots

A

the primary type of nerve fibers present is ____ fibers

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28
Q

Both the ventral rami and dorsal rami contain ____ and ____ fibers

A

making them essential for communication within the nervous system. sensory

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29
Q

The spinal nerves consist of both ____ and ____ fibers

A

which are crucial for transmitting information to and from the CNS. sensory

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30
Q

The ____ is a group of muscles that helps maintain posture and supports the spine

A

while the ____ muscles assist in breathing. erector spinae

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31
Q

In a typical spinal nerve

A

the two main divisions are the ____ and ____ ramus. dorsal

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32
Q

The thoracic vertebrae are associated with the ____ muscles of the back and the ____ muscles that aid in respiration. superficial back

A

intercostal

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33
Q

The ____ root carries sensory information

A

while the ____ root carries motor information in the spinal cord. dorsal

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34
Q

The spinal nerve divides into the dorsal ramus and the ____ ramus

A

which are important for ____ communication. ventral

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35
Q

The two general kinds of terminal branches of peripheral nerves are _____ and _____. muscular

A

cutaneous

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36
Q

The dorsal ramus is associated with _____ innervation and the muscular branch is responsible for _____. motor

A

muscle control

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37
Q

In the context of spinal nerves

A

the cutaneous branch primarily deals with _____ while the muscular branch focuses on _____. sensory information

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38
Q

A cross section through the thoracic vertebra shows the relationship between _____ and the _____ of the back. nerves

A

muscles

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39
Q

The anatomical sciences study the structure of the body

A

including the _____ and _____ branches of spinal nerves. muscular

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40
Q

The cell bodies for afferent fibers are located in the _____ and the cell bodies for efferent fibers are located in the _____ gray matter. dorsal root ganglion

A

spinal cord

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41
Q

In the spinal cord

A

the _____ horn contains the cell bodies for efferent fibers

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42
Q

The _____ root is responsible for carrying sensory information

A

while the _____ ramus serves to innervate muscles and skin. dorsal

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43
Q

The anatomical structures involved in the spinal cord include the _____ root

A

_____ root ganglion

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44
Q

In a cross section through the thoracic vertebra

A

the _____ ramus and _____ ramus are important for nerve distribution. dorsal

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45
Q

The _____ root ganglion is crucial for sensory input

A

while the _____ horn is essential for motor output. dorsal

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46
Q

The vertebral column consists of ____ cervical

A

____ thoracic

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47
Q

The primary spinal curvatures are ____ and ____ which are present at birth. kyphotic

A

thoracic & sacrococcygeal

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48
Q

Secondary spinal curvatures develop as a child starts to hold their head up and stand

A

resulting in ____ and ____ curvatures. lordotic

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49
Q

The kyphotic curvature is characterized by being ____ anteriorly

A

while the lordotic curvature is ____ posteriorly. concave

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50
Q

The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are fused

A

with ____ sacral and ____ coccygeal vertebrae. 5

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51
Q

The vertebral column provides ____ to the upper body and ____ to the pelvis. support

A

forces

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52
Q

One function of the vertebral column is to allow for ____ and ____ of the body. movement

A

motion

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53
Q

The vertebral segments work together to allow for ____ motion and ____ motion. greater

A

small amounts of

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54
Q

The vertebral column plays a crucial role in the ____ of the nervous system and provides ____ to the body. protection

A

support

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55
Q

Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column and its ____ function. vertebral

A

support

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56
Q

Each vertebral segment allows for ____ amounts of motion

A

contributing to the overall ____ of the spine. small

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57
Q

The functions of the vertebral column include support

A

movement

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58
Q

The vertebral column provides ____ to the upper body and ____ to the nervous system. support

A

protection

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59
Q

Each vertebral segment allows for ____ amounts of motion

A

while collectively they allow for ____ motion. small

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60
Q

The functions of the vertebral column include support

A

movement

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61
Q

Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column

A

which also allows for ____ movement. vertebral

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62
Q

The vertebral column’s ability to allow for greater motion is due to the ____ of its segments working together and providing ____ support. collective action

A

structural

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63
Q

One function of the vertebral column is to allow for ____ motion at each segment and ____ motion collectively. small amounts of

A

greater

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64
Q

The vertebral column protects the ____ system while also providing ____ and movement. nervous

A

support

65
Q

Forces are transmitted from the upper body to the pelvis through the ____ column

A

which also allows for ____ of motion. vertebral

66
Q

The vertebral column’s functions include support

A

movement

67
Q

The typical vertebra consists of a vertebral body

A

a transverse process

68
Q

The vertebral arch is made up of the pedicle and the ____. lamina

A
69
Q

The inferior articular processes of a vertebra articulate with the ____ articular processes of another vertebra. superior

A
70
Q

The stacking parts of the vertebra include the vertebral body

A

transverse process

71
Q

In a typical vertebra

A

the joint between the inferior and superior articular processes is known as a ____ joint. facet

72
Q

The sacrum consists of ____ fused sacral vertebrae and articulates laterally with ____. 5

A

ilia

73
Q

The coccyx is made up of ____ fused coccygeal vertebrae and may fuse to the sacrum in ____ age. 4

A

advanced

74
Q

The anterior sacral foramina are located on the ____ side of the sacrum

A

while the posterior sacral foramina are on the ____ side. anterior

75
Q

The sacrococcygeal joint connects the sacrum to the ____ and is important for ____ movement. coccyx

A

pelvic

76
Q

In advanced age

A

the coccyx may ____ to the sacrum

77
Q

The sacrum has both anterior and posterior sacral foramina that allow for the passage of ____ and ____. nerves

A

blood vessels

78
Q

The sacrum is described as having a wing-like structure known as the ____ and features a prominent ____ at its base. ala

A

promontory

79
Q

The lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back and consist of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5

A

with L5 sitting on top of the _____. sacrum

80
Q

The spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae are broad and project _____

A

while the vertebral bodies are _____ in size. posteriorly

81
Q

The articular facets of lumbar vertebrae are vertical and face _____ and _____

A

providing stability to the spine. postero-

82
Q

As we move up the spine from L5 to L1

A

the vertebral bodies become _____ in size and the supporting weight is _____ distributed. smaller

83
Q

In anatomical terms

A

the lumbar vertebrae are crucial for supporting most _____ and allowing for a range of _____ in the lower back. weight

84
Q

The spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae are ____ and ____. long

A

slender

85
Q

The vertebral bodies in the thoracic region are ____ than those in the lumbar region and have ____ articular facets. smaller

A

less vertical

86
Q

The articular facets of thoracic vertebrae face ____ and are positioned ____ compared to lumbar vertebrae. posteriorly

A

differently

87
Q

Costal facets on thoracic vertebrae are specifically for the ____ of the ribs and are located on the ____ of the vertebrae. heads

A

sides

88
Q

The thoracic vertebrae have spinous processes that project ____ and are ____ in shape. inferiorly

A

long and slender

89
Q

In thoracic vertebrae

A

the ribs connect at the ____ facets

90
Q

The thoracic vertebrae have a ____ shape and the spinous processes are ____ in comparison to cervical vertebrae. cylindrical

A

shorter

91
Q

In the thoracic region

A

the superior articular facet faces ____ and the transverse costal facet is for ____. posteriorly

92
Q

Cervical vertebrae may be ____ and have a unique feature called the ____ foramen. bifid

A

transverse

93
Q

The vertebral bodies in the thoracic region are generally ____ and the articular facets are nearly ____ in orientation. small

A

horizontal

94
Q

The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae project ____ while the articular facets face ____ in the cervical region. posteriorly

A

postero-superiorly

95
Q

Rib 6 articulates with the thoracic vertebrae at the ____ costal facet and the ____ costal facet. superior

A

transverse

96
Q

The vertebral foramen is important for protecting the ____ and allowing the passage of ____. spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

97
Q

The intervertebral foramina are openings that allow ____ to exit the spinal column and connect to the ____ system. spinal nerves

A

peripheral nervous

98
Q

The transverse foramen is a feature found in the cervical vertebrae that allows the passage of ____ arteries and ____ veins. vertebral

A

vertebral

99
Q

C8 is the designation for the lowest cervical spinal nerve

A

which is located between the ____ and ____ vertebrae. C7

100
Q

The joint capsule is a structure that surrounds a joint

A

providing stability and allowing for ____ and ____ movement. flexion

101
Q

Temple University is associated with the study of anatomical sciences

A

particularly in the field of ____ and ____ anatomy. human

102
Q

The spinal nerve C8 is significant because it is the last of the ____ nerves before transitioning to the ____ nerves. cervical

A

thoracic

103
Q

The term ‘foramina’ refers to multiple openings in the body

A

which are crucial for the passage of ____ and ____ structures. nerves

104
Q

The anatomical study of the vertebral column includes understanding the function of the ____ foramen and the ____ foramina. vertebral

A

intervertebral

105
Q

In anatomical sciences

A

the study of the spinal cord includes understanding the relationship between the ____ and the ____ foramina. vertebral foramen

106
Q

The ____ is the opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal column

A

while the ____ is the central canal for the spinal cord. intervertebral foramen

107
Q

In an X-ray

A

the ____ view shows the side profile of the spine

108
Q

The ____ foramen is associated with the vertebral artery

A

while the ____ foramen is where spinal nerves pass through. transverse

109
Q

The ____ is a structure in the sacrum that can be seen in X-rays

A

while the ____ is a type of view used to assess spinal alignment. posterior

110
Q

The vertebral artery passes through the ____ foramina of the cervical vertebrae

A

specifically in the ____ region. transverse

111
Q

The spinous process of C1 is also known as the ____ and is characterized by the absence of a ____ process. atlas

A

spinous

112
Q

C2 is known for its ____ spinous process

A

which is a distinguishing feature of the ____ vertebrae. bifid

113
Q

The posterior tubercle of C1 is located on the ____ vertebra

A

which is unique because it does not have a ____ process. atlas

114
Q

In anatomical studies

A

W. Robinson focuses on the ____ sciences

115
Q

The ____ is a bone in the neck that has a posterior tubercle and an anterior tubercle

A

while the ____ is the second cervical vertebra. Atlas

116
Q

The superior articular facets are found on the ____ vertebra

A

which connects to the skull

117
Q

In anatomical terms

A

the posterior tubercle is located on the ____ vertebra

118
Q

The anatomical features of the atlas include the posterior tubercle and the superior articular facets

A

while the ____ vertebra is known as the ____ vertebra. Axis

119
Q

The Axis is a vertebra that has a unique structure including the ____ and the ____ process. Dens

A

Spinous

120
Q

In the anatomical study of the Axis

A

the ____ articular facets and the ____ process are important features. Superior

121
Q

The Axis articulates with the ____ and has a prominent ____ process. Atlas

A

Dens

122
Q

The anatomical features of the Axis include the spinous process and the ____ articular facet

A

which is crucial for movement. Anterior

123
Q

The Axis is part of the cervical vertebrae and includes structures like the ____ and the ____ process. Transverse

A

Superior articular

124
Q

The intervertebral disc consists of the anulus fibrosis and the _____

A

which is located at the center. nucleus pulposus

125
Q

In the structure of the intervertebral disc

A

the anulus fibrosis is the _____ part

126
Q

The intervertebral disc is found between adjacent _____ in the vertebral column. vertebrae

A

bones

127
Q

The anulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc is similar in shape to a _____ tire

A

providing support and structure. steel-belted radial

128
Q

The intervertebral disc herniation involves the ____ and the ____ of the disc. nucleus

A

annulus

129
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are classified as ____ joints and are found in the ____ view. synovial

A

lateral

130
Q

In anatomical sciences

A

the nucleus pulposus is part of the intervertebral disc

131
Q

The term ‘habilis’ refers to a species that is known for its ability to ____ and ____ in its environment. walk

A

escape

132
Q

The anatomical study of the intervertebral disc includes the ____ and the ____ that surrounds it. nucleus pulposus

A

joint capsule

133
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are also known as ____ joints and are located between the ____ and ____ articular facets. facet

A

superior

134
Q

The zygapophyseal joint capsule is a type of ____ joint that allows for ____ and ____ movements. synovial

A

rotation

135
Q

The shape and orientation of the articular surfaces in zygapophyseal joints determine the available ____ such as ____ and ____. movements

A

rotation

136
Q

In the zygapophyseal joints

A

the articulation occurs between the ____ and ____ articular facets

137
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are enclosed within a ____ joint capsule

A

allowing for specific types of ____. synovial

138
Q

The ____ ligament runs along the front of the vertebral bodies

A

while the ____ ligament runs along the back. Anterior longitudinal ligament

139
Q

The ____ ligament connects adjacent spinous processes

A

whereas the ____ ligament is located between the laminae of the vertebrae. Interspinous ligament

140
Q

The ____ ligament is found on top of the spinous processes

A

while the ____ ligament is located at the back of the vertebral column. Supraspinous ligament

141
Q

In a lateral view of the spine

A

the ____ ligament is seen running along the vertebral bodies

142
Q

The ____ ligament provides support to the spinal column by connecting the spinous processes

A

while the ____ ligament helps maintain the stability of the vertebrae. Interspinous ligament

143
Q

In the lateral view of spinal ligaments

A

the ____ and ____ are important structures to identify. pedicles

144
Q

The anterior view of spinal ligaments includes the ____ and ____ ligaments. anterior longitudinal ligament

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

145
Q

The ____ and ____ are components of the spinal ligaments that can be observed in a posterior view. pedicles

A

ligamentum flavum

146
Q

In anatomical sciences

A

the ____ is a key ligament found in the spinal structure

147
Q

The spinal ligaments consist of various components

A

including the ____ and ____ in the anterior view. laminae

148
Q

The ____ and ____ are significant in understanding the anatomy of spinal ligaments. ligamentum flavum

A

stiplesses

149
Q

When studying spinal ligaments

A

the ____ and ____ are crucial for understanding their function and structure. pedicles

150
Q

The nuchal ligament is a continuation of the ____ ligament and is associated with the ____ region of the spine. supraspinous

A

cervical

151
Q

The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the ____ ligament and is found in the ____ part of the spinal column. posterior longitudinal

A

upper

152
Q

During a spinal tap

A

the procedure is performed to retrieve ____ from the ____ space. CSF

153
Q

In a lateral view of the spine

A

the inferior vertebra are generally ____ than the superior ones

154
Q

The spinal ligaments include the nuchal ligament and the ____ membrane

A

which play roles in ____ stability. tectorial

155
Q

A spinal tap

A

also known as a lumbar puncture

156
Q

During a lumbar puncture

A

the needle is inserted between the ____ of the vertebrae to access the ____ space. spinous processes

157
Q

The procedure of a spinal tap involves puncturing the skin and passing through the ____ and ____ to reach the spinal canal. muscle

A

connective tissue

158
Q

In a spinal tap

A

the needle must be carefully guided through the ____ and into the ____ to avoid injury. ligaments

159
Q

The lumbar puncture is typically performed in the ____ region of the spine

A

specifically between the ____ vertebrae. lower back

Exam 3 AS (8 decks)

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