Brachial Plexus Flashcards
The posterior triangle of the neck is bordered by the ____ muscle
the ____ muscle
The axilla contains important structures such as the axillary artery and the ____ plexus
which is crucial for ____ movement. brachial
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to ____ and is responsible for innervating the ____ and upper limb. T1
shoulder
In the context of medical education
the posterior triangle of the neck is significant for understanding the anatomy of the ____ and its relation to the ____ plexus. nerves
The axilla serves as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels
including the ____ artery and the ____ plexus. subclavian
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a key landmark in the posterior triangle of the neck
separating it from the ____ triangle. anterior
The posterior triangle is bounded by the ____ muscle
the ____ muscle
The scalene interval is located between the ____ and ____ scalene muscles. anterior
middle
Scalene interval syndrome can compress structures such as the ____ and ____ nerves. brachial plexus
subclavian artery
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the ____ nerve and attaches to the ____ and ____. accessory
sternum
To evaluate the pulse of the subclavian artery
one must locate it beneath the ____ and above the ____ muscle. clavicle
The brachial plexus is formed from the roots of spinal nerves ____ to ____. C5
T1
The phrenic nerve is composed of fibers from spinal segments ____ and is responsible for ____. C3
C4
The axilla is bounded by the ____ muscle
the ____ muscle
The axillary lymph nodes drain lymph from the ____ and ____ regions. upper limb
breast
The brachial plexus can be drawn from its origins through the ____ and ____ nerves. terminal
preterminal
The spinal cord segments contributing to the brachial plexus include ____ to ____ and also to the terminal nerves. C5
T1
The superior boundaries of the neck include the _____ and the _____ skull. mandible
posterior
The inferior boundaries of the neck are the _____ and the _____ shoulders. thorax
shoulders
The boundaries of the posterior triangle include the middle 1/3 of the _____
the anterior margin of the _____
The posterior triangle of the neck is defined by the _____ margin of the trapezius and the _____ margin of the sternocleidomastoid. anterior
posterior
The neck is bounded superiorly by the mandible and _____
and inferiorly by the thorax and _____ . posterior skull
The posterior triangle of the neck includes the middle 1/3 of the clavicle
the anterior margin of _____
The roof of the posterior triangle is formed by the ____ and ____ layers. skin
superficial fascia
The muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle include the ____ and ____ scalene muscles. middle
posterior
The investing layer of deep cervical fascia covers the ____ muscle
which is responsible for facial expression. platysma
The posterior triangle includes the ____ and ____ scalene muscles along with the levator scapulae. anterior
middle
The posterior triangle is bounded by the ____ layer of deep cervical fascia on its floor. prevertebral
The posterior triangle contains the cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus and the ____ nerve
which is important for neck movement. Accessory
In the posterior triangle
the external jugular vein and the ____ artery are significant vessels that are present. subclavian
The posterior triangle is related to the upper limb because it conveys the ____ plexus and subclavian ____. brachial
vessels
The posterior triangle includes the phrenic nerve and the ____ plexus rami and trunks
which are essential for upper limb function. brachial
Numerous structures emerge from the posterior triangle
including the subclavian vein and the ____ nerve. phrenic
The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of ____ to ____. C1
C4
The cervical plexus consists of cutaneous branches and ____ branches. muscular
The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus include the lesser occipital nerve and the ____ nerve. greater auricular
In the posterior triangle
the cutaneous branches emerge from beneath the ____ muscle. sternocleidomastoid
The cervical plexus includes the transverse cervical nerve and the ____ nerves. supraclavicular
The ____ joint connects the sternum and clavicle
while the omohyoid muscle is located in the ____ region. sternoclavicular
The phrenic nerve provides motor innervation to the ____ and sensory innervation to the ____ area of the diaphragm. diaphragm
central
A bilateral lesion of the phrenic nerves can lead to ____ in breathing and may cause ____ pain. difficulty
referred
To remove a section of the clavicle
you should use a ____ and cut the omohyoid muscle with ____ scissors. saw
The sensory fibers of the phrenic nerve enter the same ____ spinal cord segment as the diaphragm
leading to referred pain in the ____ area. C4
The scalene triangle is bounded anteriorly by the _____ muscle and posteriorly by the _____ and _____ muscles. anterior scalene
middle scalene
The inferior boundary of the scalene triangle is the _____ rib
which is crucial for understanding its anatomy. first
The major network of nerves that supplies the upper limb is known as the _____ _____
which is formed by the roots C5 to T1. brachial plexus
The roots of the brachial plexus are derived from the ventral rami of spinal nerves _____ to _____. C5
T1
To remember the roots of the brachial plexus
use the mnemonic ‘Remember To Drink Cold _____.’ Beverage
The subclavian artery is evaluated by palpating downward ____ to the clavicle to compress the artery against the ____ rib. posterior
first
When the subclavian artery crosses the lateral border of the first rib
it changes its name to the ____ artery. axillary
The most proximal pulse point for evaluating arterial sufficiency in the upper limb is the ____ artery. subclavian
To assess the subclavian pulse
one must compress the artery against the ____ rib
Scalene Interval Syndrome can be caused by anything that narrows the scalene interval
such as a _____ or _____ muscle slip. cervical rib
Compression of the subclavian artery in Scalene Interval Syndrome leads to insufficient blood flow to the _____ and reduced _____ distal to occlusion. upper extremity
arterial pulses
Nerve compression in Scalene Interval Syndrome usually involves the _____ & _____ ventral rami or the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus. C8
T1
In Scalene Interval Syndrome
the compression of the subclavian artery can result in _____ blood flow and _____ pulses. insufficient
The causes of Scalene Interval Syndrome include fibrous bands
a cervical rib
The subclavian artery is located ____ to the anterior scalene muscle
while the subclavian vein is ____ to it. posterior
The axilla is described as a ____-shaped space located between the upper arm and the ____ of the chest. pyramid
side
The major nerves
lymphatics
The phrenic nerve originates from spinal levels ____ and is found on the ____ surface of the anterior scalene. C3
4
The axillary artery and axillary vein are located in the ____ and are surrounded by ____ for protection. axilla
fat
The three trunks of the brachial plexus are found in the ____ and are essential for ____ communication. axilla
nerve
The apex of the axilla is formed by the clavicle
upper border of the scapula
The base of the axilla consists of the skin and _____ of the armpit. fascia
The anterior wall of the axilla includes the pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
The posterior wall of the axilla is made up of teres major
latissimus dorsi
The medial wall of the axilla is formed by the upper portion of the thoracic wall and the _____ anterior. serratus
The lateral wall of the axilla is represented by the intertubercular sulcus of the _____. humerus
The axillary artery changes its name to _____ after crossing the outer border of the _____ rib. brachial artery
1st
The axillary artery is a continuation of the _____ artery and becomes the _____ artery at the lower border of teres major. subclavian
brachial
The contents of the axilla include the axillary artery
axillary vein
The axillary vein receives tributaries from the axillary artery and the _____ plexus. brachial
The axillary artery is located in the _____ and changes its name at the lower border of the teres major muscle. axilla
The axillary artery is divided into ____ parts
which are separated by the ____ minor. 3
Part 1 of the axillary artery gives off ____ branch
known as the ____ thoracic artery. 1
Part 2 of the axillary artery has ____ branches
including the thoracoacromial trunk and the ____ thoracic artery. 2
The third part of the axillary artery gives off ____ branches
which include the subscapular artery and both the anterior and ____ circumflex humeral arteries. 3
The axillary vein is formed at the lower border of ____ by the joining of the ____ and the basilic vein. teres major
brachial veins
The axillary vein changes its name to the subclavian vein at the outer border of the ____ rib. 1st
The brachial plexus is a nerve plexus that supplies both ____ and ____ function to a common anatomical region. motor
sensory
The axillary vein accompanies the axillary ____ through the axilla. artery
Nerve fibers from two or more spinal segments intermingle in the ____ plexus. brachial
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5
C6
The trunks of the brachial plexus are formed from the ventral rami of which spinal nerves: C5
C6
Each trunk of the brachial plexus distributes fibers to an anterior division and a _____ division. posterior
The ventral rami that contribute to the brachial plexus include C5
C6
The brachial plexus consists of trunks
divisions
The anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus are formed from the _____ of the trunks. fibers
The brachial plexus is formed by the trunks of ____ and ____ which are made up of ventral rami from spinal nerves. C5
C6
The cords of the brachial plexus are named based on their position relative to the ____ artery and include the ____ and ____ cords. axillary
lateral
The brachial plexus consists of trunks
divisions
The anterior divisions of the brachial plexus contribute to the formation of the ____ and ____ cords. lateral
medial
The cords of the brachial plexus terminate into several major nerves including the ____ and ____ nerves. median
ulnar
The brachial plexus is crucial for the innervation of the upper limb
with its roots originating from spinal nerves ____ to ____. C5
