Neck Anatomy/Physiology

Question 1

what is anatomy of thyroid?

Answer 1

2 lobes connected by isthmus

Question 2

what does thyroid gland produce?

Answer 2

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 3

4 types of thyroid cancer?

Answer 3

papillary - lymphatic met
follicular - haematogenous met
medullary - familial
anaplastic - agressive

Question 4

parathyroid glands

how many? what? where?

Answer 4

usually 4 located posterior to poles of thyroid

regulate calcium and phosphate levels

Question 5

symptoms if parathyroid glands injured?

Answer 5

hypercalcaemia causing

stones moans and groands
renal problems
osteoporosis and bone pain

Question 6

4 layers of fascia in neck?

Answer 6

pre-tracheal
pre-vertebral
deep cervical
carotid sheath

Question 7

disadvantages of neck fascia?

Answer 7

tight and can lead to raised pressure and compression

infection can easily spread along these fascial planes

Question 8

3 stridors?

Answer 8

inspiratory - laryngeal
expiratory - tracheo-bronchial
biphasic - glottic/subglottic

Question 9

branchial cyst?

Answer 9

remnant fusion failure of branchial arches which transilluminates
anterior to sternocleidomastoid
becomes infected enlarging

Question 10

what is a a pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 10

herniation of pharyngeal mucosa between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

Question 11

pharyngeal pouch symptoms and treatment?

Answer 11

voice hoarseness
dysphagia
aspiration pneumonia
weight loss

barium swallow/excision