ENT Conditions Flashcards
Pleomorphic Salivary Adenoma
benign tumour of salivary gland
painless, slow growing
FNAC/Biopsy/USS/CT/MRI
can turn malignant add radiotherapy
Thyroglossal cyst
embryological foramen caecum
congenital + painless
FNAC
aspirate and excision
Simple reactive lymph node
tender, oval in shape, reactive
Non-hodgkin lymphoma
type of cancer that develops in the lymphatics with lymphocyte proliferation in certain parts
painless swelling/WL/fever/itch
biopsy/FBC/CXR/CT/MRI/PET
chemo/radio/M.AB
Sialolithiasis
Salivary duct stones
small stones in salivary glands (submandibular most common)
dull pain comes and goes and swelling
exam/XR/silogram
try to remove/AB if infection
tonsil cancer
most are squamous cell carcinoma
sore throat/ear pain/painless lump in your neck/trouble swallowing
biopsy/CT/PET
HP vaccine/radio/chemo
Quinsy
peritonsillar abscess
serious complication of tonsillitis
quickly worsening sore throat/one side/ bad breath/systemic symptoms
throat swollen narrow asymmetric
aspiration/incision and drainage/tonsillectomy/IV AB
Glandular fever
teenagers/young adults ill for weeks/fever/sore throat/usual grey coating of tonsils/splenomegaly blood test EBV viral and very infectious
Auricular haemtoma
direct trauma to pinna
incision and drainage with antibiotics
Foreign body in ear/nose
pain, infection, conductive hearing loss unilateral nasal discharge remove object (battery bad)
otitis externa
inflammation of EAM mainly bacterial, fungal ear pain/itching/ottorhea H.influenza/S.pneumonia/Moraxella catarrhalis antibiotic (co-amoxiclav)/ ear drops
malignant otitis externa
osteomyelitis of temporal hen, aggressive infection rather than malignancy
elderly/diabetic/chemotherapy/immunosuppressed
Otalgia/otorrhea/ conductive and send hearing loss
PSEUDOMONAS AURGENOSA
neuro exam/CT
antibiotics maybe surgery
otitis media with effusion
glue ear - sterile fluid in middle ear
hearing loss, speech delay, balance loss
otoscopy
observe 3 months self-limiting/grommets>3
perforation of TM
recurrent infections & hearing loss
otoscopy
water precasting +/- myringoplasty
cholesteatoma
skin in middle ear, erodes into mastoid
offensive otorrohoea
otoscopy
mastoidectomy
tympanosclerosis
calcification in TM +/- middle ear
asymptomatic
otoscopy
otosclerosis
fixation of stapes by extra bone
progressive hearing loss particularly low sounds and hears better with loud background noise, tinnitus
hearing aid or stapedectomy
Tinnitus
any perception of sound
ringing/buzzing/whooshing etc
otoscopy + hearing tests and treat cause
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
specific head movements cause vertigo
Dix-halpike test & Epley manoeuvre
vestibular neuritis
inflammation of vestibular nerve
spontaneous vertigo
bed rest + vestibular sedatives
Menieres disease
pressure deep inside the ear
spontaneous vertigo/unilateral hearing loss/tinnitus
bendroflumethazide + intratympanic dexamethasone
facial nerve palsy
LMN facial palsy
hemifacial paresis of upper and lower face
underlying cause
