Neck Flashcards
What are the bones that make up C1-C7
body lamina pedicle transverse process spinous process inferior/ superior articular facet intervertebral disc vertebral foramen
what are C1 and C2 called
1- atlas
2- axis
what are the vessels in the neck
Vertebral artery
Common carotid artery
Internal and external carotid artery
Internal and external jugular veins
what are the nerves of the neck
Vagus nerve
C spine nerve roots
what are the regions of the neck
superficial triangle (anterior and posterior)
what is the route of the vertebral arteries in the neck
Begin as a branch of the subclavian artery and ascend the neck through the transverse foramina of C6-C1, where the arteries enter the foramen magnum and join to form the basilar artery
what is the route of the left and right common carotid arteries of the neck
The right common carotid arises from the brachiocephalic artery posterior to the sternoclavicular joint
The left common carotid arises directly from the aortic arch
Both lie medial to the internal jugular vein and bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries at approx. The level of the thyroid cartilage (C3-C4)
what is the route of the internal carotid artery in the neck
The internal carotid ascends the neck, almost in a vertical plane, to enter the base of the skull through the carotid canal of the temporal bone
The internal carotid has no branches in the neck
what is the route of the external carotid artery
As the external carotid ascends the neck, it passes through the parotid gland to the level of the temporomandibular joint where it bifurcates into its terminal branches to supply blood to the face and neck
These branches include the superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, and ascending pharyngeal arteries
At its lower level, the external carotid artery is anterior and medial to the internal carotid artery and then becomes anterior and lateral to the internal carotid artery at its higher level
what is the route of the internal jugular vein
Commence at the jugular foramen in the posterior cranial fossa and descend the lateral portion of the neck to unite with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
Typically run lateral to the common carotid artery and posterior to the internal carotid artery at the upper levels of the neck
what is the route of the external jugular vein
Begin near the angle of the mandible and cross the SCM just beneath the skin to empty into the subclavian vein
what route does the vagus nerve follow
- wanders’ inferiorly from the brainstem to the splenic flexure in the abdomen
- Arises from the medulla oblongata as 8 to 10 roots between the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the olive, eventually converging into 2 roots that exit through the jugular foramen
- It descends through the carotid sheath while in the neck and continues inferiorly to the thorax and abdomen
- At the neck it passes through the superior thoracic aperture between the subclavian artery and brachiocephalic vein, where it continues its course toward the diaphragm behind the respective main bronchi
what route does the cervical plexus follow
Arises from the upper 4 ventral rami of C1-C4 to innervate the neck, lower part of the face and ear, the side of the scalp, and the upper thoracic area
what route does the phrenic nerve follow
- Formed by the branches of C3, C4 and upper divisions of C5
- Descends vertically down the neck and passes into the superior thoracic aperture, where it continues inferiorly to the diaphragm
what are the organs of the neck?
pharynx nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx larynx
