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MRS203 > Introduction Lec > Flashcards

Introduction Lec Flashcards

1
Q

What is the midline?

A

Vertical line down the centre

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2
Q

What is the midclavicular line and the mid-axillary line?

A
  • centre of the clavicle

- centre of the armpit

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3
Q

Define:

  • medial and lateral
  • proximal and distal
  • superior and inferior
A

Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline

Proximal: towards the point of reference
Distal: away from the point of reference

Superior: above the point of reference
Inferior: below the point of reference

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4
Q

Define:

  • anterior and posterior
  • dorsal and ventral
  • plantar and palmar
A

Anterior: towards the front of the body
Posterior: towards the back of the body

Dorsal: towards the spine
Ventral: towards the abdomen

Plantar: sole of the foot
Palmar: palm of the hand

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5
Q

What is the transverse line?

A

Horizontal line across the midline

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6
Q

Define the following directions:

  • Abdominal
  • Antebrachial
  • Antecubital
  • Axillary
A

Abdominal: abdomen

Antebrachial: Forearm

Antecubital: Front of the elbow

Axillary: Armpit

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7
Q

Define the following directions:

  • Brachial
  • calf
  • carpal
  • cephalic
A

Brachial: upper arm

Calf: lower posterior portion of leg

Carpal: wrist

Cephalic: head

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8
Q

Define the following directions:

  • cervical
  • costal
  • cubital
  • femoral
A

Cervical: neck

Costal: ribs

Cubital: posterior surface of elbow of the arm

Femoral: thigh, upper portion of leg

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9
Q

Define the following directions:

  • flank
  • gluteal
  • inguinal
  • lumbar
A

Flank: side of trunk adjoining lumbar region

Gluteal: buttock

Inguinal: groin

Lumbar: lower back between the ribs and hips

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10
Q

Define the following directions:

  • occipital
  • ophthalmic
  • pectoral/ mammary
  • pelvic
A

Occipital: back of the head

Ophthalmic: eye

Pectoral/ mammary: upper chest or breast

Pelvic: pelvis

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11
Q

Define the following directions:

  • perineal
  • plantar
  • popliteal
  • sacral
A

Perineal: perineum

Plantar: sole of foot

Popliteal: back of the knee

Sacral: sacrum

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12
Q

Define the following directions:

  • sternal
  • thoracic
  • umbilical
  • vertebral
A

Sternal: sternum

Thoracic: chest

Umbilical: naval

Vertebral: spine

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13
Q

Define the Sagittal plane

A

A vertical line which divides the body into a left and right section

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14
Q

Define a coronal plane

A

A vertical line that divides the body into front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section

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15
Q

Define a transverse/ axial plane

A

A horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) and a bottom (inferior) section

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16
Q

Where is the left lateral border, inferior border, right lateral border and the superior border of the heart located?

A

Left lat: mid clavicular sagittal plane (left ventricle)
Inferior border: T9 vertebral level
Right lat: Sagittal plane of the right transverse spinous process (right atrium)
Superior border: vertebral level T5

17
Q

Where is the tricuspid, mitral, aortic and pulmonary valves of the heart located?

A

Tricuspid: mid Sagittal plane, T7
Mitral: Sagittal plane of left transverse process, T7
Aortic: left of mid Sagittal plane, T6
Pulmonary: Sagittal plane of right transverse process, T6

18
Q

Where is the apex of the lungs located as well as the inferior borders of the lungs at rest, inspiration and expiration and the medial borders?

A 
Apex: T1
Inferior borders
Rest: T9
Inspiration: T10/11
Expiration: T8
Medial border: Sagittal plane of L and R spinous process
19
Q

Where are the domes and lateral angles of the diaphragm located as well as the posterior aspect?

A 
Diaphragm-
Domes at rest: T9
Lateral angles at rest: T2/T3 or LCM
Inspiration Domes: T10/11
Expiration Domes: T8

Posterior aspect-
Rest: T10
Inspiration: T12
Expiration: T9

20
Q

Where is the superior border (at rest, inspiration, expiration), left lateral border, right lateral border, inferior border and the oblique inferior border of the liver located?

A

Super border: directly inferior to diaphragm

  • at rest: T9
  • inspiration: T10/11
  • expiration: T8

Left lat: left mid clavicular Sagittal plane

Right lat: right side of the upper right border of the abdo

Inferior border: LCM, T2/3

Oblique inferior border: curves from LCM to L2, then from L2 towards MCL superior/oblique

21
Q
  1. Where is the superior pole, pelvis and lower pole of the left and right kidneys located?
  2. Where are the medial and lateral borders of the kidneys located?
A
  1. Left
    Superior pole: T12
    Pelvis: L1
    Lower Pole: L2

Right
Superior pole: L1
Pelvis: L2
Lower pole: L3

  1. Medial borders: Sagittal plane of transverse process
    Lateral borders: MCL
22
Q
  1. Where is the fundus of the stomach located
  2. Where is the greater curvature of the stomach located
  3. Where is the lesser curvature of the stomach located
  4. Where is the duodenum located
A
  1. Directly inferior to the diaphragm (L)
  2. Sweeping curve from fundus, inferiority and oblique to L2, then superior to L1 meeting the duodenum
  3. Sweeping from fundus inferiority and obliquely to L1 meeting the duodenum
  4. Superior: L1
    Middle: Sagittal plane of R transverse process
    Inferior: L2 becoming the jejunum
23
Q

Where is the pancreas head, body and tail located?

A

Head: nestled by duodenum- L2

Body: sweeps superior and oblique to T11

Tail: continues superior and oblique T11- T12
- points to the spleen

Both the body and tail sit posterior to the body of the stomach

24
Q
  1. Where is the spleen located?

2. Where are the superior, lateral, inferior and medial borders of the spleen located?

A
  1. In the upper left quadrant of the abdo
  2. Superior: directly inferior to the diaphragm
    Lateral: lateral wall of abdo
    Inferior: level of T12
    Medial: sits ‘near’ the upper pole of the L kidney
25
Q
  1. Where does the jejunum sit?
  2. Where is the superior and lateral boundary of the jejunum located
  3. Where is the inferior region of the jejunum
A
  1. The superior portion of the small bowel
  2. Superior boundary: L2
    Lateral boundary: ascending and descending colon
  3. L5
26
Q
  1. What is the ileum?
  2. Where is the superior and lateral boundaries of the ileum located?
  3. Where is the inferior region of the ileum located?
A
  1. The inferior portion of the small bowel
  2. Superior: L5
    Lateral: ascending and descending colon
  3. Bladder/ uterus
27
Q

Where is the aortic valve, aortic arch, ascending aorta, descending aorta and the abdominal aorta located?

A

Aortic valve: T6

Ascending aorta: superior and sweeping posterior to T3

Arch of aorta: T3

Descending aorta: from the arch to T11/12

Abdominal aorta: from T11/12 to L4/5 bifurcation

28
Q

Where is the superior and inferior vena cava located?

A

Superior: originates from the right atrium T6 superiorly for a short distance to T3 right lateral of MSP

Inferior: originates from the right atrium T8 inferiorly to L4/5 right lateral to the abdominal aorta

29
Q

Where do the left and right renal veins and arteries originate from?

A

Left renal artery originates from the aorta at level L1

Left renal vein originates from the IVC at level L1

Right renal artery originates from the aorta at L2

Right renal vein originates from IVC at level L2

MRS203 (8 decks)

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