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MRS203 > abdomen > Flashcards

abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the abdomen?

A

Thoracic and lumbar vertebra (T10-L5)

  • Body
  • Lamina
  • Pedicle
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process
  • Inferior and superior articular facet
  • Intervertebral disc
  • Vertebral foramen
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2
Q

what are the muscles of the abdomen?

A

psoas

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3
Q

what course does the psoas muscle follow?

A

Extend along the lateral surface of the lumbar vertebrae to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur
Act to flex the thigh and trunk

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4
Q

what organs are located iin the abdomen

A 
Liver	
Gall bladder	
Pancreas
- Head, neck, tail
Stomach
- Fundus, body, pylorus
Spleen
L and R kidneys
- Upper and lower pole, renal pelvis
Adrenal glands
Large bowel
- Ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, cecum, sigmoid, rectum, anus
Small bowel
- Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
L and R uterus
Greater omentum
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5
Q

what is the course of the portal vein

A

formed in the retroperitoneum by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, posterior to the neck of the pancreas

  • It passes obliquely to the right, posterior to the hepatic artery enters the liver at the porta hepatis
  • At the porta hepatis, it branches into right and left main portal veins that then follow the course of the right and left hepatic arteries
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6
Q

what is the course of the left hepatic vein

A
  • The left portal vein initially courses to the left, then turns medially toward the ligamentum teres
  • It branches to supply the lateral segments (segments II and III) of the left lobe and the superior and inferior sections of segment IV
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7
Q

what is the course of the right hepatic vein

A
  • The right portal vein first sends branches to the caudate lobe and then divides into anterior and posterior branches that subdivide into superior and inferior branches to supply the right lobe of the liver
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8
Q

what is the course of the left and right hepatic ducts

A

The left and right hepatic ducts unite at the port hepatis to form the proximal portion of the common hepatic duct, which marks the beginning of the extrahepatic biliary system

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9
Q

what is the course of the common hepatic duct

A

The CHD is located anterior to the portal vein and lateral to the hepatic artery in its caudal descent from the porta hepatis
- As the CHD descends in the free border of the lesser omentum, it is joined from the right by the cystic duct and the common bile duct

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10
Q

what is the course of the common bile duct

A

continues a caudal descent along with the hepatic artery and portal vein within the hepatoduodenal ligament

  • It curves slightly to the right, away from the portal vein, then courses posterior and medial to the first part of the duodenum behind the head of the pancreas
  • Follows a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic head, then pierces the medial wall of the second part of the duodenum along with the main pancreatic duct through the ampulla of Vater
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11
Q

what are the parts of the pancreas

A

head
neck
body
tail

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12
Q

what are the two adrenal glands

A

left and right

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13
Q

what are the parts of the kidney

A

upper poles, lower poles, pelvis

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14
Q

what are the parts of the stomach

A

body
fundus
pylorus

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15
Q

what are the parts of the small bowel

A

duodenum
jejunum
ilem

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16
Q

what are the parts of the large bowel

A 
cecum
colon
ascending colon
hepatic flexure
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
17
Q

what vessels are located in the abdomen

A 
Abdominal Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Hepatic system
- Right hepatic vein
- Intermediate hepatic vein
- Left hepatic vein
Celiac artery
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
- L and R common hepatic arteries
L and R renal arteries
L and R renal veins
Portal vein
- Splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
L and R common iliac arteries
L and R common iliac veins
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
18
Q

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate and what does it bifurcate into

A

L4

left and right common iliac arteries

19
Q

where does the superior mesenteric artery emerge and where does it course

A

just below the celiac trunk at approx. L1
- It descends behind the body of the pancreas, then over the horizontal portion of the duodenum to course in the mesentery to the ileum

20
Q

what is the course of the right renal artery

A
  • Each vessel travels horizontally to the hilum of the corresponding kidney
  • passes posterior to the IVC and right renal vein on its course to the right kidney
21
Q

what is the course of the left renal artery

A
  • Each vessel travels horizontally to the hilum of the corresponding kidney
  • The left kidney is higher than the right kidney, which means the left renal artery is generally slightly superior to the right
22
Q

what is the course of the celiac trunk

A
  • A very short vessel that leaves the anterior wall of the aorta just after the aorta passes through the diaphragm
  • The short celiac trunk divides into three branches: left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries
23
Q

what Is the course of the splenic artery

A

The largest branch of the celiac trunk and passes to the left behind the stomach and along the upper border of the pancreas, within the splenorenal ligament, to the hilum and spleen

24
Q

what is the course of the inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • Arises 3-4cm above the bifurcation of the aorta at approx. L3-L4
  • It descends in from of the abdominal aorta and then to the left, where it gives off multiple branches
25
Q

at what level is the inferior vena cava formed

and where does it course

A
  • Formed by the union of the common iliac veins at approx. L5
  • it courses superiorly through the retroperitoneum along the anterior aspect of the vertebral column and to the right of the aorta
  • As it ascends the abdominal cavity, it passes the posterior surface of the liver and pierces the diaphragm at the caval hiatus to enter the right atrium of the heart
26
Q

at what level do the renal veins empty into the IVC

A

L2

27
Q

course of the common iliac vein

A

Arises posterior to the common iliac artery from the junction of the internal and external iliac veins

28
Q

course of portal vein

A
  • Formed in the retroperitoneum by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, posterior to the neck of the pancreas
  • It passes obliquely to the right, posterior to the hepatic artery within the lesser omentum, and enters the liver at the porta hepatis
  • Here, the portal vein branches into right and left main portal veins that then follow the course of the right and left hepatic arteries
29
Q

course of common hepatic artery

A
  • Usually arises as one of the three branches off the celiac artery, coursing to the right to enter the lesser omentum anterior to the portal vein
    It branches into the right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries just above the duodenum and continues in the hepatoduodenal ligaments as the proper hepatic artery
30
Q

course of proper hepatic artery

A

the proper hepatic artery divides into left and right hepatic arteries, which continue to branch and supply the lobes of the liver

31
Q

course of right hepatic artery

A

it passes posterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas and runs along the posterior wall of the bile duct into the right hepatic lobe

32
Q

course of right hepatic vein

A

The largest, lies between the right anterior and posterior hepatic segments, drains segments V, VI, and VII, and enters the IVC at the right lateral aspect

33
Q

course of the middle hepatic vein

A

enters the IVC at the anterior or right anterior surface

34
Q

course of left hepatic vein

A
  • Courses between the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe, drains segments II and III, then enters the left anterior surface of the IVC
35
Q

at what level is the celiac trunk and what does it bifurcate into

A

T12
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

36
Q

what level is the inferior mesenteric artery

A

L3

37
Q

at what level does the hepatic system communicate with the IVC

A

T10

MRS203 (8 decks)

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