Neck Flashcards
Hyoid Bone
HIGHLY MOVABLE. Only Bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone. Serves as an anchor for muscles in the neck
During swelling of the food, which is the main bone that’s acting on it
Hyoid Bone
Position of Larynx in comparison to Pharynx
Larynx sits anterior to the pharynx. More specifically Larynx sits anterior to the laryngopharynx.
Cartilages that make up the Larynx
3 Large Unpaired cartilages- Thyroid (Laryngeal Prominence), Cricoid, and Epiglottis.
What is responsible for blocking the larynx while we eat so that food doesn’t get into the airway/trachea?
Epiglottis Cartilage
Thyrohyroid Ligament
connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
Cricothyroid Ligament
Connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage above it
Which is responsible for voice production or control of our voice cords?
Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform (small paired cartilages in Larynx)
What supplies the Superior part of the Larynx? and where does it branches from
Superior Laryngeal artery (Branches from External Carotid which branches from Common carotid around the Thyrohyoid Cartilage)
What supplies the Lower part of the Larynx and where does it branches off of?
Inferior Laryngeal artery which branches off of Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian
Upper part of Larynx Venous Drainage
Superior Laryngeal Vein which drains into Internal Jugular Vein
Lower Part of Larynx Venous Drainage
Inferior Laryngeal Vein which drains into Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Lymphatic Drainage of Larync
Deep Cervical Nodes
Innervation for Larynx
Cranial Nerve (Vagus)
3 divisions of the Pharynx
- Nasopharynx- Posterior to the nasal cavity
- Oropharynx- directly posterior to oral cavity
- Laryngopharynx- directly posterior to Larynx
Walls of Pharynx are formed by
Constrictor muscles (Superior, middle, and Inferior) and Longitudinal Muscles.
Which muscle/s is essential for swallowing
Constrictor Muscles and Longitudinal Muscles
All the constrictor muscles have common origin as
Pharyngeal raphe
Main Blood supply of Pharynx and its branches
External Carotid Artery gives main branch to Ascending Pharyngeal Artery which further gives branches to Facial, Lingual, and Maxillary Artery
What supplies the Laryngopharynx
Facial Artery which branches off of Ascending Pharyngeal Artery which branches from External Carotid Artery originally
Venous drainage for Pahrynx
Plexus drains into Internal Jugular Veins
Lymphatic drainage for lower Pharynx
Retropharyngeal node and Pre-Tracheal node
Anterior Pharynx Drainage
Ingrahyoid
Innervation for Pharynx
Cranial Nerve
Action and Innervation of Platysma
Action: tense up the neck
INNV: Cranial Nerve
Attachment points for Sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid Process (I)- Sternum and Clavicle (O)
Action and Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid
A: Unilateral- Lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side
Bilateral- Cervical Flexion
INNV: Cranial Nerve (Accessory)
which is major muscle that helps in forced inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid & Scalenes
Which muscle is found directly deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Scalenes
Action and Innervation of Scalenes Muscles
(3 Scales Muscles (A,M,P) work together to assist in neck flexion, and raise first 2 ribs
What travels between Anterior and Middle Scalenes
Brachial Plexus and Subclavian Artery
What travels Anterior to Anterior Scalene
Subclavian Vein and Phrenic Nerve
What is anterior to Levator scapulae?
Scalenes
Muscles of the InfraHyoid
(TOSS) Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sterohyoid, and Sternothyroid
Muscles of the SupraHyoid
Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohoid, and Geniohyoid
Action of Stylohyoid
Pulls Hyoid up during swallowing
Action of Anterior Digastric Belly Muscles
Lower mandible, raises hyoid
Action of Posterior Digastric Belly
Pulls hyoid up and back
Action of Myohyoid
Forms the floor of the mouth; elevates hyoid
Action of Geniohyoid
Elevates hyoid (Fixed mandible); pulls mandible down (Fixed Hyoid)
Innervation for Suprahyoid Muscles
Cranial Nerve except for geniohyoid which is Ventral Ramus of C1
What is fixed when swelling and what moves when swelling?
Mandible is fixed when swallowing and Hyoid moves when swallowing
What is fixed when chewing and what moves when chewing?
Hyoid is fixed when chewing and Mandible is moving/lowered when chewing
Infrahyoids are also known as
strap muscles
Action of Sternohyoid
Depress Hyoid after swallowing
Action of Omohyoid
Depress and fixes hyoid
Action of Thyrohyoid
Depresses hyoid bones, raises larynx when hyoid is fixed
Action of Sterothyroid
Draws Larynx downward
