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Anatomy Final Exam > Lower Limbs :( > Flashcards

Lower Limbs :( Flashcards

1
Q

Leg bone that is closer to the midline

A

Tibia

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2
Q

Leg bone that is farther from the midline

A

Fibula

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3
Q

Hip Joint Formation

A

Round head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.

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4
Q

Acetabular Labrum

A

Piece of fibrocartilage in Acetabulum for head of the femur to sit on

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5
Q

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

A

ligament that closes off the hip joint to make a bigger socket for the head of the femur to articulate with

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6
Q

Ligament for head of the Femur

A

Fovea Capitis- this attaches into the acetabular fossa

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7
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Long ridge on the back of the Femur where muscles attach usually

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8
Q

Does Femur has direct connection with the Fibula?

A

Nope

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9
Q

Ankle Joint is made up of (part of the leg)

A

Both Tibia and Fibula articulates with the Tarsals to form a ankle joint

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10
Q

Medial Malleous is part of

A

Tibia distally

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11
Q

Lateral Malleous is part of

A

Distal Fibula

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12
Q

Which bone articulates with Tibia and Fibula at the ankle

A

Talus

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13
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel Bone

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14
Q

Which bones make up the proximal Tarsals bone

A

Calcaneus, and Talus

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15
Q

Distal Group of Tarsal

A

Cuboid Bone, navicular, and 3 types cuneiforms

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16
Q

Importance of Calcaneus

A

Is Important for muscle attachments for plantar flexion (gas pedal) for the calcaneal tendon

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17
Q

What type of Joint is Knee Joint

A

Synovial Hinge Joint

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18
Q

composition of Knee Joint

A

1) Articulation between femur and tibia

2) Articulation between femur and patella

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19
Q

What holds Patella before articulating with the Femur

A

Patella is attached to the quadriceps femoris tendon superiorly and patella ligament inferiorly

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20
Q

Cartilage that are padding the joint between the Femur and Tibia (name 2)

A

Medial and Lateral menisci

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21
Q

When Physician pads below the knee joint, what is it checking for

A

Patellar Reflex

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22
Q

Ligaments that prevent lateral/medial displacement of the knee

A

1) Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament- prevents too much medial movement
2) Tibial (medial) collateral ligament- prevents too much lateral movement

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23
Q

Types of Cruciate Ligaments

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

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24
Q

Ligament that prevents anterior displacement of the Tibia

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament. (runs from tibia and medial meniscus to back of femur)

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25
Q

PCL Ligament

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)- prevents posterior displacement of the tibia. (runs from posterior tibia to posterior femur (behind ACL))

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26
Q

If an athlete injures ACL compartment of his leg, what are the other possible sites for injury

A

medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligaments are likely to be injured as well.

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27
Q

Difference between FCL(lateral) and rest of the joint vs MCL and ACL and rest of the joint

A

There is a space between the lateral collateral ligament and the rest of the joint, but there isnt a space between the MCL and the ACL and rest of the joint.

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28
Q

Illiotibial Tract (IT band)

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata- important for stabilizing the hip and knee

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29
Q

Fascia Lata after crossing the knee region continues into

A

Deep Fascia of Leg (they are CONTINUOUS)

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30
Q

Main action of Anterior Thigh muscles

A

Extend knee

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31
Q

Innervation for Anterior Thigh Muscles

A

Femoral Nerve

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32
Q

Main action for Medial Thigh Muscles

A

ADduct of the hip and medial rotation of thigh

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33
Q

Major Nerve innervation of Medial Thigh muscles

A

Obturator nerve

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34
Q

Main action and Innervation for Posterior Thigh Muscles

A

Action- to Flex knee and Innervated by Sciatic Nerve

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35
Q

Action of Sartorius

A

Flexes Hip and Knee, External Rotation and aBduction

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36
Q

Origin and Insertion of Sartorius

A

Muscle runs obliquely downward from ASIS to medial side of tibia.

37
Q

What innervates Sartorius

A

Femoral Nerve (*All Anterior Thigh compartment)

38
Q

Which muscle can be found directly posterior to Rectus Femoris

A

Vastus Intermedius

39
Q

How is Rectus Femoris different from other other Quadriceps muscle

A

Rectus Femoris crosses two joints so it can Flex Hip as well as Extending knee. Other three can ONLY extend knee

40
Q

Innervation for Quadriceps Femoris

A

Femoral Nerve

41
Q

Muscles that make up the Anterior Thigh Compartment

A

Sartorius, Quads (Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, and Vastus medialis)

42
Q

Action of Gracilis

A

(medial compartment of the Thigh)- aDduction of thigh

43
Q

Although Pectineus is part of Medial compartment of the thigh, it is difference than the other because

A

It’s innervated by Femoral nerve

44
Q

Adductor group is made up how many muscles

A

3 muscles (ADuctor longus, brevis, and magbus). Magun is the biggest of all

45
Q

Innervation of Adductor Magnus

A

Obturator nerve (main one for Medial Thigh Comp) plus Sciatic Nerve

46
Q

Muscles that make up the medial thigh compartment

A

Gracilis, Pectineus, and Adductor Group (longus, brevis, and magnus)

47
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of Thigh?

A

(Hamstring Group)

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus

48
Q

lateral most muscle of Posterior Thigh

A

Biceps femoris (runs from pelvic bone to fibula)

49
Q

Medial most muscle of Posterior thigh

A

Semimembranous (runs from pubic bone to tibia)

50
Q

Position of Semitendinosus in respect to other two Posterior thigh muscles

A

Semitendinosus is Medial to biceps femoris and Top (posterior) of semimembranosus

51
Q

Action of all Hamstring Group muscles

A

Flex the knee and extend the hip

52
Q

Which muscle do we use to extend the hips back from a seated position

A

Gluteus Maximus

53
Q

Innervation of Hamstring Group Muscles

A

SCIATIC NERVE

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus

54
Q

While workout, if a person flexing the knee and extending the hips constantly, what muscle region of the body is that person working on>

A

Hamstring group of muscles

55
Q

Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle

A

Sartorius Muscle (Laterally), Adductor Longus (Medially), and Inguinal Ligament (Superiorly)

56
Q

If a physician has to perform a procedure around Femoral Nerve, where should he be careful not to inject?

A

not to inject Lateral to Femoral Artery where Femoral nerve is found. Medial to Femoral Artery is Femoral Vein.
“NAVel”

57
Q

Contents of the Femoral Triangle (Lateral to Medial)

A

NAVel

Femoral Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, and Lymphatics

58
Q

which is a major pulse point on the anterior thigh in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral Artery

59
Q

How does the Femoral Triangle content supplies the lower limb?

A

Through Adductor Canal.
Femoral triangle is continuous inferiorly with the adductor canal which allows passage of femoral AV (Artery/Vein) into the popliteal fossa.

60
Q

Femoral artery and vein as it goes behind the knees changes into

A

Popliteal artery and vein

61
Q

Adductor Canal is important for?

A

To allow passage of Femoral Artery and Vein into the popliteal fossa.

62
Q

Boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa

A

Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus medially, Biceps Femoris laterally, and two heads of gastrocnemius and plantaris, inferiorly.

63
Q

What travels through the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and Vein (continuation of femoral vessels in the thigh), Tibial and Common Fibular nerves (branches of the Sciatic Nerve)

64
Q

Sciatic Nerve as it travels toward Popliteal Fossa, what does it branches into?

A

Tibial and Common Fibular Nerves

65
Q

Pes Anserinus (Name 3 muscles)

A 
On medial thigh, 3 muscles that insert on the tibia to support the knee from the medial position. 
-Sartorius (anterior thigh)
-Gracialis (medial thigh)
-Semitendinosus (posterior thigh)
Looks like GOOSE'S FOOT
66
Q

Innervation of Posterior Leg Muscles

A

Tibial (Branch off of Sciatic Nerve)

67
Q

Innervation for Lateral Leg Muscles

A

Superficial Fibular Branch (Branches off of Common Fibular which branches off of Sciatic Nerve)

68
Q

Innervation for Anterior Leg muscle

A

Deep Fibular Branch (Branches off of Common Fibular branch which branches off of Sciatic Nerve)

69
Q

General action for Posterior Leg Muscles

A

Flexor Compartment: Plantar Flexion and Flex Toes

70
Q

General Action for Lateral Leg Muscles

A

Eversion of foot

71
Q

General Action for Anterior Leg Muscles

A

Dorsiflexion

72
Q

Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles (3) and their common Innervation

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus (flat show sole), and Plantaris.

73
Q

Action of Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles

A

Plantarflexes the foot and flex the knee (Gastrocnemius and Plantaris)

74
Q

What muscle is deep to Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Soleus Muscle (Superficial Posterior Leg muscle)

75
Q

Common Insertion for Superficial Posterior Leg Muscles

A

Calcaneal Tendon

76
Q

If the achilles tendon gets ruptured, then what is the effect as a result of that

A

Can’t push off the ankle so have the drag the foot.

77
Q

Insertion of Popliteus

A

Triangular muscle near knee. It goes from Femur to the Tibia.

78
Q

Action of Popliteus

A

Stabilizes the knee and unlocks it from the extended position. (DOES NOT HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH THE ANKLE). Slightly rotates the tibia to unlock the knee joint from the extended position

79
Q

Action of Tibialis Posterior

A

Inversion and Plantarflexion

80
Q

Action of Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Plantarflexes and inverts foot; flexes great TOE at all joints

81
Q

Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Plantarflexes and inverts foot; flexes toes

82
Q

Deep Posterior Leg Muscles (Name 4) and common innervation

A

Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus, and Flexor digitorum longus.
Common Innervation: Tibial Nerve

83
Q

What Innervates Fibularis Longus and Brevis?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve (Part of Lateral Leg Muscles)

84
Q

Lateral Compartment of Leg muscles

A

Fibrularis Longus and Fibrularis Brevis

85
Q

Action of Fibularis Longus and Brevis?

A

Eversion of Foot (can also do Plantarflexion)

86
Q

What muscles make up the Anterior Leg Compartment? (4 Names) and common innervation

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, and Fibularis tertius
Innervated by Deep Fibular nerve (branch off of common fibular nerve from Sciatic)

87
Q

Action of Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

88
Q

Action of Extensor hallucis and digitorum longus

A

Dorsiflexion and extension of toes

89
Q

Action of Fibularis Tertius

A

Dorsiflexion

Anatomy Final Exam (6 decks)

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