Gluteal- Intro to Joints Flashcards
All limbs of the body are what type of Joints?
diarthrotic- Synovial Joints
6 Features of the Synovial Joints
- Articular Cartilage
- Synovial Cartilage
- Synovial Fluid
- Joint Capsule- (Fibrous Layer, and Synovial membrane)
- Reinforcing Ligaments
- Nerves and Blood Vessels
What leads to Arthritis
Worn away articular cartilage- bone on bone is very painful
Synovial Cavity
Physical space between the two bones that forms joints. They create recess on each side.
How does Joint Capsule holds the two bones together?
Through Synovial membrane (synovial fluids) and Fibrous layer (outer protective layer)
How does Fatty Pads help to avoid bone on bone?
Fatty Pads surround places where bones might come in contact with one another. They provide extra adipose for cushioning.
what reduces friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
Bursae (additional support of Synovial Joint)
Articular disc (menisci)
(Additional Synovial Joint support) ONLY seen at the knee joint to improve the fit.
Type of Joint that has the most mobility but least stability
Ball and Socket Joint (Shoulder, Hips)
Type of Synovial Joint that can only do Gliding? Give one Example
Plane Joint; Intercarpal Joint
Type of Synovial Joint that can only do Flexion/Extension? Give an Example
Hinge Joint; Elbow Joints (Ulnar)/Interphalangeal Joint
What type of Joint does Proximal Radioulnar Joint have that helps them for Pronation/Supination?
Sinovial Pivot Joint.
Action of Saddle Joint and an example which part of Limb has that
Flexion/Extension; Abduction/Adduction.
Ex: carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
What type of Joints does Metacarpophalangeal (knuckes) and wrist Joints have?
Condylar Joints
List of Superficial Gluteal Muscles and common action
From Superficial to Deep: Gluteal maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus. Tensor Fascia Latae (Lateral Anterior)
Common Action: Abduct and Extend the Hip
IT band Syndrome
if IT band is tight, it pulls on every compartment of the thighs because all of the muscle compartments are squeezed and contracted all at the same time
Insertion of Gluteal maximus
I: Posterior IT tract and gluteal tuberosity
Action and Innervation of Gluteal Maximus
Action: Extension, lateral rotation, and abduction of the hip
INNV: Inferior Gluteal nerve
Origin and Insertion of Gluteal medius/minimus
O: Posterior ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter
Action of Gluteus medius/minimus
Abduct femur; stabilization of pelvis during single leg stance
Innervation of Gluteus medius/minimus
Superior Gluteal nerve
Origin and Insertion of Tensor Fascia Lata
O: Lateral crest of ilium between ASIS and tubercle of crest
I: Iliotibila tract of fascia lata
Action and Innervation of Tensor Fascia Lata
Stabilizes knee in extension and innervated by Superior Gluteal nerve
Failure of Superior Gluteal nerve will lead to unable to do what type of actions:
Abduct femur; stabilization of pelvis during single leg stance, and stabilizes knee during extension
**Superior Gluteal Region innervate Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, and Tensor Fascia Lata
List of all muscles that makes up the Deep Gluteal region and common insertion
Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, and Quadratus femoris.
All insert on the upper aspect of the femur (greater trochanter or the trochanteric crest)
Which muscle comes out of Greater Sciatic Foramen?
Pisiformis
Origin and Insertion of Piriformis
O: Anterior surface of Sacrum
I: Greater Trochanter
Action and Innervation of Piriformis
A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
Origin and Insertion of Obturator Internus
O: Anterolateral Wall of true Pelvis, obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
Action and Innervation of Obturator Internus
A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Origin and Insertion of Superior Gemellus
O: External surface of ischial spine
I: Superior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter
Action and Innervation of Superior Gemellus
A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Origin and Insertion of Inferior Gemellus
O: Upper aspect of Ischial tuberosity
I: Inferior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter
Action and Innervation of Inferior Gemellus
A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Quadratus femoris
Origin and Insertion of Quadratus
O: Lateral Aspect of Ischium anterior to ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
Action and Innervation of Quadratus femoris
A: Laterally rotate femur
I: Nerve to quadratus femoris
What two muscles are innervated by Nerve to Obturator internus?
Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus
What two muscles are innervated by Nerve to Quadratus femoris?
Inferior gemellus and Quadratus femoris
If a patient stands on one leg, and the pelvis severely drops on the standing leg side, then that patient most likely to have
Trendelenburg Sign
What most likely to be the cause of Trendelenburg sign?
Damage in Superior Gluteal Nerve which will lead to weak or paralyzed abductors.
Which nerve/s passes through Greater Sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve (Travel between Gluteus medius and minimus)
Which nerve/s passes through Greater Sciatic foramen BELOW piriformis muscle?
Sciatic Nerve and Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Daily runner likely to have what type of syndrome?
Piriformis Syndrome- Will push on the Sciatic nerve due to swelling of the muscle
What two region does Sciatic nerve passes through after coming out of Greater Sciatic foramen?
Between the Superficial (Glu Max) and Deep Muscles (all the external rotators)
If during an Xray examination, Physician noticed the nerve damage that passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and deep to sciatic, which nerve most likely he noticed?
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris. This innervates Quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
Pathway of the nerve that innervates Obturator internus and superior superior gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus- this nerve passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis between post cutaneous and pudental.
Which nerve travels mostly with the Sciatic nerve?
Posterior Cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Travels medial to Sciatic.
To be careful of not to damage any neurovascular structure during intramuscular injections, where should the physician inject?
inject into Upper Lateral Quadrant AKA gluteal medius anterosuperior to gluteus maximus. **Injection goes into gluteus medius NOT glu Max.
Origin and exit point of Superior Gluteal Artery
Originates from posterior trunk of internal iliac a. and exits greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis with the nerve
Blood supply of Superior Gluteal Artery
Superficial branch- passes onto deep surface of gluteus maximus
Deep Branch- passes between gluteus medius and minimus
Origin and exit point of Inferior Gluteal artery
Originates from anterior trunk of internal illiac artery.
Exits greater sciatic foramen BELOW piriformis with nerve.
Blood supply of Inferior Gluteal Artery
supplies surrounding muscles and descends into posterior thigh where it anastomoses with branches of femoral a.
Where does the deep vessels of gluteal region drain into
Internal Iliac node
Superficial Gluteal region drainage
Superficial inguinal nodes
