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Anatomy Final Exam > Gluteal- Intro to Joints > Flashcards

Gluteal- Intro to Joints Flashcards

1
Q

All limbs of the body are what type of Joints?

A

diarthrotic- Synovial Joints

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2
Q

6 Features of the Synovial Joints

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
  2. Synovial Cartilage
  3. Synovial Fluid
  4. Joint Capsule- (Fibrous Layer, and Synovial membrane)
  5. Reinforcing Ligaments
  6. Nerves and Blood Vessels
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3
Q

What leads to Arthritis

A

Worn away articular cartilage- bone on bone is very painful

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4
Q

Synovial Cavity

A

Physical space between the two bones that forms joints. They create recess on each side.

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5
Q

How does Joint Capsule holds the two bones together?

A

Through Synovial membrane (synovial fluids) and Fibrous layer (outer protective layer)

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6
Q

How does Fatty Pads help to avoid bone on bone?

A

Fatty Pads surround places where bones might come in contact with one another. They provide extra adipose for cushioning.

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7
Q

what reduces friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

A

Bursae (additional support of Synovial Joint)

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8
Q

Articular disc (menisci)

A

(Additional Synovial Joint support) ONLY seen at the knee joint to improve the fit.

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9
Q

Type of Joint that has the most mobility but least stability

A

Ball and Socket Joint (Shoulder, Hips)

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10
Q

Type of Synovial Joint that can only do Gliding? Give one Example

A

Plane Joint; Intercarpal Joint

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11
Q

Type of Synovial Joint that can only do Flexion/Extension? Give an Example

A

Hinge Joint; Elbow Joints (Ulnar)/Interphalangeal Joint

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12
Q

What type of Joint does Proximal Radioulnar Joint have that helps them for Pronation/Supination?

A

Sinovial Pivot Joint.

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13
Q

Action of Saddle Joint and an example which part of Limb has that

A

Flexion/Extension; Abduction/Adduction.

Ex: carpometacarpal joints of the thumb

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14
Q

What type of Joints does Metacarpophalangeal (knuckes) and wrist Joints have?

A

Condylar Joints

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15
Q

List of Superficial Gluteal Muscles and common action

A

From Superficial to Deep: Gluteal maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus. Tensor Fascia Latae (Lateral Anterior)
Common Action: Abduct and Extend the Hip

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16
Q

IT band Syndrome

A

if IT band is tight, it pulls on every compartment of the thighs because all of the muscle compartments are squeezed and contracted all at the same time

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17
Q

Insertion of Gluteal maximus

A

I: Posterior IT tract and gluteal tuberosity

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18
Q

Action and Innervation of Gluteal Maximus

A

Action: Extension, lateral rotation, and abduction of the hip
INNV: Inferior Gluteal nerve

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19
Q

Origin and Insertion of Gluteal medius/minimus

A

O: Posterior ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter

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20
Q

Action of Gluteus medius/minimus

A

Abduct femur; stabilization of pelvis during single leg stance

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21
Q

Innervation of Gluteus medius/minimus

A

Superior Gluteal nerve

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22
Q

Origin and Insertion of Tensor Fascia Lata

A

O: Lateral crest of ilium between ASIS and tubercle of crest
I: Iliotibila tract of fascia lata

23
Q

Action and Innervation of Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Stabilizes knee in extension and innervated by Superior Gluteal nerve

24
Q

Failure of Superior Gluteal nerve will lead to unable to do what type of actions:

A

Abduct femur; stabilization of pelvis during single leg stance, and stabilizes knee during extension

**Superior Gluteal Region innervate Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, and Tensor Fascia Lata

25
Q

List of all muscles that makes up the Deep Gluteal region and common insertion

A

Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, and Quadratus femoris.
All insert on the upper aspect of the femur (greater trochanter or the trochanteric crest)

26
Q

Which muscle comes out of Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Pisiformis

27
Q

Origin and Insertion of Piriformis

A

O: Anterior surface of Sacrum
I: Greater Trochanter

28
Q

Action and Innervation of Piriformis

A

A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur

29
Q

Origin and Insertion of Obturator Internus

A

O: Anterolateral Wall of true Pelvis, obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter

30
Q

Action and Innervation of Obturator Internus

A

A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Obturator Internus

31
Q

Origin and Insertion of Superior Gemellus

A

O: External surface of ischial spine
I: Superior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter

32
Q

Action and Innervation of Superior Gemellus

A

A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Obturator Internus

33
Q

Origin and Insertion of Inferior Gemellus

A

O: Upper aspect of Ischial tuberosity
I: Inferior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter

34
Q

Action and Innervation of Inferior Gemellus

A

A: Laterally rotate extended hip; aBduct flexed femur
I: Nerve to Quadratus femoris

35
Q

Origin and Insertion of Quadratus

A

O: Lateral Aspect of Ischium anterior to ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

36
Q

Action and Innervation of Quadratus femoris

A

A: Laterally rotate femur
I: Nerve to quadratus femoris

37
Q

What two muscles are innervated by Nerve to Obturator internus?

A

Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus

38
Q

What two muscles are innervated by Nerve to Quadratus femoris?

A

Inferior gemellus and Quadratus femoris

39
Q

If a patient stands on one leg, and the pelvis severely drops on the standing leg side, then that patient most likely to have

A

Trendelenburg Sign

40
Q

What most likely to be the cause of Trendelenburg sign?

A

Damage in Superior Gluteal Nerve which will lead to weak or paralyzed abductors.

41
Q

Which nerve/s passes through Greater Sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis muscle?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve (Travel between Gluteus medius and minimus)

42
Q

Which nerve/s passes through Greater Sciatic foramen BELOW piriformis muscle?

A

Sciatic Nerve and Inferior Gluteal Nerve

43
Q

Daily runner likely to have what type of syndrome?

A

Piriformis Syndrome- Will push on the Sciatic nerve due to swelling of the muscle

44
Q

What two region does Sciatic nerve passes through after coming out of Greater Sciatic foramen?

A

Between the Superficial (Glu Max) and Deep Muscles (all the external rotators)

45
Q

If during an Xray examination, Physician noticed the nerve damage that passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and deep to sciatic, which nerve most likely he noticed?

A

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris. This innervates Quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

46
Q

Pathway of the nerve that innervates Obturator internus and superior superior gemellus

A

Nerve to obturator internus- this nerve passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis between post cutaneous and pudental.

47
Q

Which nerve travels mostly with the Sciatic nerve?

A

Posterior Cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Travels medial to Sciatic.

48
Q

To be careful of not to damage any neurovascular structure during intramuscular injections, where should the physician inject?

A

inject into Upper Lateral Quadrant AKA gluteal medius anterosuperior to gluteus maximus. **Injection goes into gluteus medius NOT glu Max.

49
Q

Origin and exit point of Superior Gluteal Artery

A

Originates from posterior trunk of internal iliac a. and exits greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis with the nerve

50
Q

Blood supply of Superior Gluteal Artery

A

Superficial branch- passes onto deep surface of gluteus maximus
Deep Branch- passes between gluteus medius and minimus

51
Q

Origin and exit point of Inferior Gluteal artery

A

Originates from anterior trunk of internal illiac artery.

Exits greater sciatic foramen BELOW piriformis with nerve.

52
Q

Blood supply of Inferior Gluteal Artery

A

supplies surrounding muscles and descends into posterior thigh where it anastomoses with branches of femoral a.

53
Q

Where does the deep vessels of gluteal region drain into

A

Internal Iliac node

54
Q

Superficial Gluteal region drainage

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

Anatomy Final Exam (6 decks)

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