Neck

Question 1

What is the function of the carotid sinus and body at the site of the carotid bifurcation?

Answer 1

The carotid sinus and bodies monitor blood pressure. The carotid sinus acts as a baroreceptor and the carotid bodies act as chemoreceptors to monitor O2 in the blood.

Question 2

What are the infrahyoid muscles and their function?

Answer 2

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

Function - depress the hyoid

Question 3

Where does the external jugular vein terminate?

Answer 3

Subclavian vein

Question 4

Where does the internal jugular vein terminate?

Answer 4

Subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

Question 5

Describe the pathway of the external carotid artery.

Answer 5

The external carotid artery is a branch of the common carotid artery that supplies the neck and face. As the external carotid ascends, it gives off superior thyroid, facial, lingual, and occipital branches. The external carotid ends by branching into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries within the parotid gland.

Question 6

What is the function of the longus colli?

Answer 6

Flex neck and rotate head to opposite side

Question 7

What nerve runs posterior to the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein?

Answer 7

Vagus nerve

Question 8

What are the suprahyoid muscles and their function?

Answer 8

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

Function - elevate the hyoid

Question 9

What are the contents of the scalene triangle?

Answer 9

Brachial plexus & subclavian artery

Question 10

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 10

Common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, sympathetic fibers

Question 11

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

Answer 11

Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, dorsal scapular, and costocervical trunk

Question 12

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

Answer 12

N. to mylohyoid (branch of V3 - Mandibular nerve)

Question 13

What lymph nodes drain into the internal jugular vein?

Answer 13

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 14

Describe the pathway of the internal carotid artery.

Answer 14

The internal carotid artery is a branch of the common carotid that ascends superiorly through the carotid sheath and enters the skull via the carotid canal

Question 15

What is the function of the SCM?

Answer 15

Extend head & rotate away from contracting SCM

Question 16

Where does the vertebral artery originate?

Answer 16

Subclavian artery

Question 17

What is the innervation of the scalenes?

Answer 17

Ventral rami

Question 18

What is the innervation of the digastric?

Answer 18

Anterior belly - N. to mylohyoid

Posterior belly - CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 19

What nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 19

Ventral rami of C1

Question 20

The retropharyngeal space is lined by what?

Answer 20

Pre-vertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 21

These muscles lay anterior to the vertebral column.

Answer 21

Prevertebral muscles

Question 22

What muscle flexes the head and is often damaged in car accidents?

Answer 22

Longus capitis

Question 23

What arteries branch from the aortic arch?

Answer 23

Brachiocephalic trunk (right common carotid & subclavian), left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 24

What muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 24

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

Question 25

An infection between the pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia may spread where?

Answer 25

Manubrium

Question 26

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?

Answer 26

CN VII (Facial Nerve)

Question 27

What nerve innervates the SCM?

Answer 27

CN XI (Spinal Accessory)

Question 28

An infection found in the pericardium that is known to have spread from the trachea likely originated where?

Answer 28

Deep to the pre-tracheal fascia