Limbic System

Question 1

Calcification of the amygdala causes what symptoms?

Answer 1

Epilepsy, psychotic disorders, anxiety

Question 2

During formation of longterm memories, information is sent to structures outside the hippocampus for storage. What is this process called?

Answer 2

System consolidation

Question 3

What pathway connects the cortex directly with the hippocampus proper?

Answer 3

Alvear pathway

Question 4

What is episodic memory?

Answer 4

Memories of personal experiences

Question 5

Where does the stria terminalis fiber tract originate?

Answer 5

Amygdala

Question 6

Implicit/non-declarative memory includes what kind of memories?

Answer 6

Procedural memories - bike riding, driving, etc.

Question 7

What are symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 7

Lack of emotional response, attention to all stimuli, hypersexuality

Question 8

Where does longterm potentiation begin?

Answer 8

Hippocampus

Question 9

What are the zones of the hippocampus?

Answer 9

Hippocampus proper, dentate nucleus, subiculum

Question 10

Korsakoff syndrome causes memory deficiency and inability to form new memories. What are two primary causes?

Answer 10

Chronic alcoholism & B1 deficiency

Question 11

Disruption of what pathway may cause behavioral changes?

Answer 11

Ventral amydalofugal pathway that connects the amygdala with the pre-frontal cortex

Question 12

What are the types of explicit/declarative memory?

Answer 12

Semantic & episodic

Question 13

True/False. In longerm potentiation, more neurotransmitter is released with each synapse.

Answer 13

False. The same amount of neurotransmitter is released, however, more receptors are formed during potentiation.

Question 14

What term describes the strengthening of synapes?

Answer 14

Longterm potentiation

Question 15

Destruction of the amygdala causes what disease?

Answer 15

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Question 16

What artery supplies the hippocampus and amygdala?

Answer 16

Anterior choroidal artery (branch of internal carotid)

Question 17

How does the pre-frontal cortex affect the amygdala?

Answer 17

The pre-frontal cortex exerts inhibitory signals on the amygdala to influence behavior.

Question 18

What is semantic memory?

Answer 18

General factual information

Question 19

What circuit connects the hippocampus and amygdala and forms the basis of emotional memory?

Answer 19

Papez circuit - cingulate gyrus -> hippocampus -> fornix > mamillary bodies -> mammillothalamic tract -> anterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus

Question 20

What disease is caused by calcifications of the amygdala?

Answer 20

Urbach-Wiethe Disease

Question 21

What term describes short-term/initial creation of a memory?

Answer 21

Synaptic consolidation

Question 22

What structures does the perforant pathway connect?

Answer 22

Cortex and dentate nucleus of the hippocampus

Question 23

What fiber tract originates in the hippocampus?

Answer 23

Fornix

Question 24

Alzheimer’s disease is a result of the formation of what?

Answer 24

Amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles