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HEENT > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the modality of the trigeminal nucleus?

A

Sensory

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2
Q

What nucleus is responsible for taste?

A

Rostral nucleus solitarius

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3
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial

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4
Q

What nerves exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

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5
Q

What structure acts as a chemoreceptor to monitor blood pressure?

A

Carotid body

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6
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory

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7
Q

Where does CN VII & VIII exit the cranium?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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8
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal Accessory

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9
Q

CN III runs between what two arteries?

A

Superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries

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10
Q

What CN have nuclei only in the medulla?

A

CN X, XI, XII

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11
Q

What is CN is the Trigeminal nerve?

A

CN V

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12
Q

How does CN XI innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius differ?

A

CN XI is contralateral to the trapezius and ipsilateral to the SCM

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13
Q

What is the function of the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

A

The MLF provides a connection between the abducens nucleus and oculomotor nucleus. This allows for medial gaze.

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14
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens

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15
Q

What CN is the Occulomotor nerve?

A

CN III

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16
Q

What nucleus wraps around the abducens nucleus?

A

Facial nucleus wraps around abducens nucleus

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17
Q

What nuclei play a role in the gag reflex?

A

Spinal nucleus of trigeminal (CN IX) & ambiguus (CN X)

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18
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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19
Q

What nucleus is responsible for pupil size and lens shape? What CN synapses at this nucleus?

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus, CN III

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20
Q

What is the modality of the ambiguus nucleus?

A

Motor & parasympathetic (CN X)

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21
Q

What CN is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

CN VIII

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22
Q

Where is lateral gaze coordinated?

A

Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

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23
Q

What structure acts as a relay system in the afferent sensory system?

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

What is the only CN to have nuclei in all regions of the brainstem?

A

Trigeminal

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25
Q

Nuclei for what CN are found in the midbrain?

A

CN III, IV, V

26
Q

What are the branches of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

27
Q

CN VI has nuclei only located where?

A

Pons

28
Q

What nucleus connects V1 and CN VII to induce involuntary eye blinking due to stimulation of the cornea?

A

Trigeminal nucleus

29
Q

What CNs have parasympathetic function?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

30
Q

How does control of upper and lower facial muscles differ?

A

The facial nerve innervates both upper and lower facial muscles. The upper muscles have bilateral (ipsilateral and contralateral) control, while the lower muscles only have contralateral control.

31
Q

Axons from the optic nerve synapse where before crossing over at the posterior commissure?

A

Pretectal nuclei

32
Q

What nucleus receives input from carotid bodies and sinuses to monitor and regulate blood pressure?

A

Caudal nucleus solitarius

33
Q

Where are the nuclei for the olfactory and optic nerves located?

A

Trick question. CN I & II do not have nuclei. The olfactory nerve connects directly with the temporal lobe. The optic nerve connects directly with the brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

34
Q

Nuclei for the facial, vestibulocochlear, and glossopharyngeal nerves can be found where?

A

Pons & medulla

35
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic

36
Q

What CN is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

CN XII

37
Q

What are the functions of CN III?

A

Eye movement, maintain open eyelid, pupil size, lens shape

38
Q

What CN runs the entire brainstem?

A

Trigeminal

39
Q

What CN is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

CN IX

40
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

41
Q

What structure acts as a baroreceptor to monitor blood pressure?

A

Carotid sinus

42
Q

What is the function of the caudal nucleus solitarius?

A

Monitors carotid bodies and sinuses to regulate blood pressure

43
Q

True/False. A lesion on the optic nerve leads to a deficit in the consensual pupillary light reflex in that eye.

A

False. The pupillary light reflex is a branch of CN III and would be functional despite a lesion on CN II. Only a consensual pupillary reflex and not a direct reflex would be present.

44
Q

Motor CN nuclei are found where in the brainstem?

A

Medially

45
Q

How do lower and upper neurons differ?

A

Lower neurons connect the CN nuclei with the target muscle. Upper motor neurons connect the cerebral cortex with the CN nuclei.

46
Q

Senstory CN nuclei are found where in the brainstem?

A

Laterally

47
Q

What nerve exits the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3

48
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the cranium?

A

Foramen rotundum

49
Q

What structure exits the cranium via the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

50
Q

What nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

51
Q

What structure exits the skull via the same space as CN IX, X, & XI?

A

Internal jugular vein via the jugular foramen

52
Q

Where does CN XII exit the skull? Where is this space located?

A

Hypoglossal canal, located lateral to the foramen magnum

53
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery exit the cranium?

A

Carotid canal

54
Q

What is the only CN to exit the skull via the foramen magnum?

A

CN XI

55
Q

What CN controls most muscles of eye movement?

A

CN III

56
Q

The superior oblique muscle is controlled by what CN?

A

CN IV - Trochlear

57
Q

What is the only muscle of eye movement innervated by the Abducens nerve?

A

Lateral rectus

58
Q

Taste sensation to the tongue is provided by what nerve?

A

Anterior - CN VII (chorda tympani)

Root - CN IX

59
Q

Motor innervation for most tongue muscles is from what nerve?

A

CN XII

60
Q

What nerves provide general sensory innervation to the tongue?

A

Anterior - CN V3

Root - CN IX & X

HEENT (9 decks)

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