NECESSARY sociologists

Question 1

Durkhein functions of crime

Answer 1

Boundary maintenance
Safety valve
Agent of change

Question 2

Merton strain theory

Answer 2

Societal goal- financial success
Blocked opportunities
Innovate
Success via illegitimate means

Question 3

Chambliss

Answer 3

Capitalism is crimonogenic
Dog eat dog system

Question 4

Snider

Answer 4

Laws made in the interest of the bourgeoisie and to protect their property

Question 5

Becker

Answer 5

Labels become a person’s master status leading to the self fufiling prophecy

Question 6

Stan cohen

Answer 6

Media create moral panics which label certain groups as criminal ie mods and Rockers, immigration

Question 7

Wilson

Answer 7

Crime is a rational choice, weigh up rewards and potential punishment

Question 8

Murray

Answer 8

Crime is a result of Inadequate socialisation, due to single parent families, young boys lack a male role model, turn to criminal subcultures

Question 9

Lea and Young

Answer 9

Causes of crime:
Marginalisation
Subculture
Relative deprecation

Question 10

Merton strain theory (different classes)

Answer 10

Strain effects the wc more as they are unable to afford the american dream resulting in them turning to illegitimate means

Question 11

Carlen

Answer 11

Studdy of 39 women
Found they were overwhelmingly wc
Wc women unable to enjoy the benefits gained
They have little reason to conformed.

Question 12

Adler

Answer 12

Increasing female crime result of freedom from traditional roles and being accepted into more masculine roles

Question 13

Phillips and bowling

Answer 13

ethnic minorities at higher risk of being victims due to living in inner city areas where crime is high

Question 14

McPhearson report

Answer 14

Found met police to be institutionally racist after failures in the stephen lawrence case

Question 15

Beck

Answer 15

Globalisation has led to a global risk society
Crimes such as pollution become more widespread

Question 16

Taylor

Answer 16

TNCs switch to manufacturing to low wage countries producing job insecurity, unemployment and poverty

Question 17

Durkheim punishment

Answer 17

Retributive- revenge
Restorative- rehabilitation

Question 18

Focault

Answer 18

Panopticon
Due to increased surveillance everyone in society beings to self survey incase someone is watching

Question 19

Haywards and Young

Answer 19

Commercialisation of crime romanticised crime, making it culturally acceptable via products

Question 20

Althusser

Answer 20

Media is used by ruling class to create agendas for criminalising the working class

Question 21

Green and reiner

Answer 21

Not all individuals see the media the same way

Question 22

Mathisen

Answer 22

Synopticon:
Bottom up surveillance has increased, everyone monitoring everyone on social media and though personal cameras (phones, doorbells, dashcams)

Question 23

Wolfgang

Answer 23

26% of murders in Philadelphia the victim had instigated the attack