NCIDQ IDFX - 1-2 Flashcards
Human Behavior & The Designed Environment
What is territoriality?
Human behavior that attempts to lay claim to space and give a sense of self-identity.
What is proxemics?
The study of degrees of spatial separation that people maintain while interacting, and how these distance are related to social, environmental, and cultural factors.
In proxemics, as described by Edward T. hall, what are the names of the four distances (Starting with the closest)?
Intimate
Personal
Social
Public
What theory did Abraham Maslow propose?
This American psychologist proposed a hierarchy of human needs, such as for food and water, to more advanced needs, such as for self-actualization, order, and beauty.
Which of the table and seating configuration shown here is most appropriate for a committee meeting?
[ ] = table x = person
A
x
x [ ]
B
x
[ ]
x
C
x [ ]
[ ] x
A circular table and seating configuration (option B) tend to foster cooperation, which makes it most appropriate for this types of activity
What is a design theory?
This is a mental construct, based on a philosophy or set of beliefs, that is used to direct a design.
What is Gestalt psychology?
This theory of psychology asserts that people perceive their environment as a whole and add structure to what they see.
What psychological principle is illustrated by our ability to see two triangles in this diagram?
This is an illustration of the principle of closure (or form constancy) in Gestalt psychology.
In Gestalt psychology, what is grouping?
This is the tendency to perceive separate elements in a visual field as a single whole.
In Gestalt psychology, what is perceptual constancy?
This is the tendency to perceive a familiar object or space as essentially the same in spite of changes in position, viewing angle, lighting, and so on.
What are some of the visual cues through which people perceive depth and distance?
Linear perspective Atmospheric perspective Texture perspective Interposition Closeness of objects to the horizon line Relative size difference
In design, what is regionalism?
This is a social or cultural influence on a design that reflects a particular geographical area.
What are the six elements of design?
These are form, scale, color, texture, pattern, and light
what basic form is the intersection of a wall and a ceiling perceived as?
The intersection of these two elements of room is perceived as a line.
What types of forms are represented by the niche and vase shown? **
Niche:
A volumetric form, defined by five enclosure planes. It is a void, or negative space, because the perceived volume is not solid and is defined by other objects.
Vase:
A solid volume, or positive space
In design, what is scale?
This is the relative size of an object or element in comparison to another element of known size.
What are the true primary colors of pigment?
Yellow, Magenta and Cyan
NOT yellow, Red and Blue, as is often thought
What is hue?
This is the most basic color classification. For example, it is what distinguishes yellow from blue.
In terms of color, what is intensity or chroma?
This is the degree of purity of a hue when compared to a natural gray of the same value
What are the two names by which this diagram is known?
RED
VIOLET ORANGE
BLUE YELLOW
GREEN
This is the Brewster, or Prang, color system, often simply known as the color wheel.
What three terms does the Munsell color system use to define colors?
This system defines color by
- Hue
- Value
- Chroma
What is simultaneous contrast?
This is the phenomenon in which a color seems to change when placed against differently colored backgrounds.
What is an analogous color scheme?
This a color scheme using hues that are close to each other on the color wheel.
Which design element can be perceived through the sense of both touch and sight?
The design element that can be perceived through both of these senses is texture.
What is a pattern?
This is the repetition of a decorative motif on a surface.
What are the three primary colors of light?
These are red, green and blue.
What are the six principles of design?
- Balance
- Harmony and unity
- Rhythm
- Emphasis and focus
- Contrast and variety
- Proportion
What is asymmetrical balance?
This is the arrangement of dissimilar elements within a visual field such that the composition appears balanced, even though the elements are not grouped around a common axis.
What is visual weight?
This is the perception that some objects are heavier than others by nature of their size, shape, complexity, color, texture, or location in space.
What is radial balance?
This is the uniform arrangement of elements about a central point.
In regard to interior design, what is harmony?
This is characteristic of a composition in which all the elements of the interior seem to belong together and to reinforce the overall design theme.
What is gradation, and what design principle is it delivered from?
This design principle is a variation of rhythm. It describe cases where the size, color, or value of a design element is slightly modified.
What design principle is often achieved by placing an element in a prominent position or by using special lighting?
Emphasis and focus in a design can be achieved by these methods.
What is contrast in interior design?
This is the intentional juxtaposition of dissimilar elements within a deign to create emphasize.
How does proportion differ from scale?
Proportion:
The size relationship between objects or elements in a space.
Scale:
The relative size of an object or element in comparison to another element of known size ( often the human body)
What does this diagram represent?
A:B::B:(A1B)
Golden section
What is the value of the golden ratio?
This equals 1+/5
——-
2
OR approximately 1.618
What is the Fibonacci sequence?
This is the series of numbers in which the first terms are 0 and 1 and each number that follows is the sum of the previous two.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21……………
What is ergonomics?
This is the study of the relationship between human physiology and the physical environment.
In what three ways does the human body lose heat?
Convection
Evaporation
Radiation
People seated along the edge of a table should be provided with a comfortable amount of space between one another. What is the acceptable range for the amount of space per person?
When planing for this types of furniture, from 24” to 30” (600mm to 750mm) of space should be provided for each other.
What is anthropometrics?
The practice of measuring the size, proportion, and range of motion of the human body.
