NCERT Part 1 Flashcards
NCERT facts and typical statements, etc.
A group of similar cells along with intracellular substances perform a specific function. This organisation is called tissue. The said compositional cells are similar across what dimensions?
Origin, form and function.
Simple and compound epithelium- one function and difference each.
Simple: made up of a single layer of cells and functions as lining for body cavities, ducts and tubes.
Compound: two or more layers and mainly protective in functioning.
Simple epithelium types based on structural modification
THREE
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephron in kidneys
Cuboidal
Epithelium of the PCT of the nephron of kidney has?
Microvilli. BRUSH BORDERED CUBOIDAL.
Lining of stomach and intestine
Columnar
Inner surfaces of hollow organs like bronchioles and Fallopian tubes
Ciliated
Some cuboidal or columnar cells get specialised for secretion
Glandular epithelium
Two types:
Unicellular- isolated goblet cells which line the alimentary canal
Multicellular- consisting of cluster of cells (eg salivary)
Glands are classified as exocrine or endocrine on the basis of?
Mode of pouring their secretion
Exocrine glands secrete
Mucus, saliva, ear wax, milk, digestive enzymes, other cell products
(Released via ducts/tubes)
Endocrine glands secrete
Hormones, without ducts and directly into the fluid (blood/lymph) bathing the tissue
Compound epithelium examples
Dry surface: skin
Moist surface: 1)buccal cavity
2) pharynx
3) inner lining of salivary glands
4) pancreatic ducts
Cover the dry surface of skin
Compound epithelium
Cover the moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of salivary gland and pancreatic ducts
Compound
Junction that Stops substance from leaking across a tissue
Tight junction
Junction that Performs cementing to keep neighbouring cells together
Adhering
Junction that Facilitates cell communication
Gap junction
Gap junction facilitates the rapid transfer of
Ions, small molecules and sometimes even large molecules
Which tissue LINKS and SUPPORTS other tissues/organs?
Connective
Connective tissue range from - to - ?
Soft to specialised
Name specialised connective tissues
Cartilage, bone, adipose and blood
What’s the most widely distributed tissue in the body of complex animals
Connective
Statement: In ALL connective tissues, cells secrete fibres of structural proteins (collagen/elastin)
True/false
False. Blood is an exception.
What provides strength, elasticity and flexibility to the connective tissues?
FIBRES. (Collagen/Elastin)
Apart from fibres, what else do cells of connective tissues secrete?
MODIFIED POLYSACCHARIDES. They accumulate between cells and fibres and act as matrix (ground substance).
Connective tissue classified into
THREE TYPES
1) Loose
2) Dense
3) Specialised
Connective tissue serves as support framework for epithelium
Areolar tissue present beneath the skin
Apart from Areolar, what other connective tissue is found beneath the skin
Adipose
Layer of CT beneath skin contains what
Areolar tissue has Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells
Where does adipose get its fat?
Excess of nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fats
Cells and fibres loosely arranged in a semi fluid ground substance Vs completely packed fibres and fibroblasts
Loose and dense CT
Which dense regular CT connects muscle to bone
TENDON
Which dense regular CT connects bone to bone
LIGAMENT
Tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone) are examples of
Dense regular CT
In which CT collagen fibres are present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres?
Dense Regular/ Tendon or Ligament
Which fibre is majorly found in dense irregular CT
Collagen
Which CT is present in skin
Dense irregular
Name the various types of specialised connective tissues
Cartilage, bone, blood
Connective tissues range from soft to specialised such as
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Which CT has a solid, pliable intercellular material which resists compression
Cartilage
Which CT has a hard and non pliable intracellular material
Bone
Matrix in the small cavities of cartilage is secretes by
The cells inhabiting these small cavities, chondrocytes.
Most cartilages in embryos of all animals are replaced by bones in adults. True/False
False. Vertebrate embryos only.
