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ZOOLOGY #1 Tissue > Epithelial > Flashcards

Epithelial Flashcards

Advanced, beyond NCERT

1
Q

Tissue term given by? was first seen in which animal group?

A

Bichat

tissue first appeared in coelentrates/cnidarians

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2
Q

Histology term given by

A

Mayer

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3
Q

Founder of histology

A

Malpighi

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4
Q

Epithelium term given by

A

Ruysch

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5
Q

Exception of nervous tissue when three germ layers are considered

A

MICROGLIA (mesodermal)

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6
Q

epithelial tissue which is vascular

A

stria vascularis (cochlea of ear)

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7
Q

fish scales are? (wrt tissue) can they be removed?
what about snake scales?
also, which epithelial tissue is present in human skin?

A

dermal. no, hence used to determine age of fish.
snake cells are epidermal.
Keratinised stratified squamous (compound)

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8
Q

mostly cell junctions are found in which tissue

A

epithelial

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9
Q

extracellular, living basement membrane is characteristic of epithelial tissue.
basement membrane is made of?

A

false.
extracellular, non living basement membrane is characteristic of epithelial tissue.
basement membrane is sandwiched between the epithelial and connective tissue and is made up of their respective cell products/ secretions giving the upper, thin basal lamina (glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides) and lower, thick fibrous reticular layer (collagen and reticular fibres).

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10
Q

thyroid follicular glands and gonads: which epithelium

A

cuboidal

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11
Q

bronchi and trachea

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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12
Q

male’s urethra

A

non ciliated pseudostratified columnar

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13
Q

ependymal

A

ciliated columnar

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14
Q

simple tubular

A

crypts of leiberkuhn

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15
Q

branched tubular

A

gastric and uterine

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16
Q

compound tubular

A

brunners, mammary glands of protherans

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17
Q

simple coiled tubular

A

sweat

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18
Q

simple alveolar

A

cutaneous glands of frogs

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19
Q

simple branched alveolar

A

sebaceous

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20
Q

compound alveolar

A

sublingual, submandibular

21
Q

compund tubulo alveolar

A

pancreas, parotid, mammary

22
Q

zymogen granules are found in which of pancreas

A

secretions include enzymes, hence, exocrinal component i.e. pancreatic acini

23
Q

islets of langerhans form which component of pancreas

A

secrete hormones, hence, endocrinal part

24
Q

apocrine

A

mammary, axillary sweat

25
Q

holocrine

A

sebaceous

26
Q

merocrine

A

most sweat, digestive

27
Q

Urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

A

Transitional/Urothelium
Superficial most layer: stratum corneum (outermost layer of skin which forms horns of some mammals)
germinative layer: stratum germinatum/ stratum malpighi (columnar cells)

28
Q

Which junctions are always found on the top layer?

A 
Zona occludens (tight junctions)
"these junctions prevent leakage of substances across tissue and are observed in the apical part of the adjacent epithelial cells"
29
Q

Tight junctions and gap junction aka

A

Zona occludens and macula occludens

(gap junctions are made up of protein sub units called connexons. these connexons help in transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes even large molecules)

30
Q

Plasma membrane in apical parts of adjacent epithelial cells becomes tightly packed to form?

A

Tight junctions (Zona occludens)

31
Q

What is present just below tight junctions

A

adhering junctions/ intermediate junctions

perform the job of cementing cells together

32
Q

describe intermediate/adhering junctions

A

zonula adherens
these are present immediately below tight junctions. the intercellular spaces contain low electron density fluid. there is a dense plaque like on the cytoplasmic site of each plasma membrane from which fine microfilaments of actin protein extend into the cytoplasm. there are no intracellular filaments in intermediate adhering junctions.

33
Q

2 major differences between Zonaula adherens and Macula adherens

A

Intermediate/adhering junctions versus Desmosomes

1) Intermediate adhering junctions do not possess intercellular filaments/protein, whereas intercellular proteins are present in desmosomes
2) Intracellular protein of intermediate adhering junctions: actin, while Desmosomes have non-actin (keratin like) protein intracellular filaments called tonofibrils. They are thicker and stronger.

34
Q

What do hemi-Desmosomes do?

A

hemi desmosomes are single sided desmosomes adn are hence quite similar to them, just that the thickness of the cell membrane is seen only on one side. more importantly, They connect the epithelial tissue to basement membrane

35
Q

Olfactory mucosa

A

Sensory epithelium (nose)

36
Q

Schneiderian membrane

A

Sensory epithelium (nasal canal)

37
Q

Myoepithelium does what? Seen in?

A

Contraction (mammary, sweat)

38
Q

Pigmented epithelium is found where?

A

Retina, iris

39
Q

Layers of diffusion boundary

A

Three:

1) endothelium
2) basement membrane
3) alveolar squamous epithelium

40
Q

Mesothelium refers to

A

Epithelium of visceral organs (SEROSA)

41
Q

Wall of alimentary canal has how many layers

A

Four:

1) serosa- Mesothelium
2) muscularis
3) sub mucosa- CT with blood nerves lymph (sometimes glands like duodenal/Brunner’s)
4) mucosa- inner epithelium

42
Q

Mucosal epithelium refers to

A

Mucosa, i.e. , goblet cells which release mucus for lubrication

43
Q

Mention variations in mucosa in stomach and intestines

A

though in stomach, simple columnar and in small intestine, ciliated columnar are found certain structural variations are also detected. given as follows:
Mucosal infoldings in stomach are known as RUGAE and act as gastric glands.
Small Intestine has villi and microvilli to increase surface area, the valley of these villi have mucosal epithelium and glands- crypts of Lieberkuhn

Also, SI has circular folds of mucus membrane: PLICAE CIRCULARIS/VALVE OF KERKING/VALVULAE CONNIVENTES

44
Q

Valves of Kreking, what relevance do they have wrt to epithelial tissue

A

They are circular folds of mucosal membrane found in small intestine.

45
Q

what part of the body is the first to face both internal and external environment?

A

epithelial tissue. present on the lining of any surface, external or internal.

46
Q

simple epithelium ncert function and structure

A 
#made up of a single layer of cells, all of which rest on the basement membrane (contrast with compound epithelial tissue where only the first germinative layer is present on the basement membrane)
#serves as a lining for body cavities, ducts and tubes
#functions: filtration, exchange, secretion, absorption
47
Q

tesselated epithelium is a modification of?

A

simple squamous epithelium: flat, polyhedral with centrally placed nucleus.
(named so due to their wavy/ irregular boundaries.)

48
Q

which epithelium is present as a lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, heart, coelom, visceral organs? name these linings.

A

simple squamous.
blood vessels: endothelium
coelom/visceral organs: mesothelium
in the histology of gut, serosa is the outermost layer which is made of mesothelium with some connective tissue, while the innermost layer lining the lumen of alimentary canal is mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds called rugae in the stomach and small finger like foldings called villi in the small intestine. The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush bordered appearance (increase SA). villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal. Mucosal epithelium has goblet cells which secrete mucus which helps in lubrication. Mucosa also forms glands in the stomach (gastric glands: branched tubular) and crypts in between the bases of villi in the intestine (crypts of lieberkuhn: simple tubular)

ZOOLOGY #1 Tissue (9 decks)

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