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NBME > NBME 7 > Flashcards

NBME 7 Flashcards

1
Q

fever, pyuria s/p prostatectomy w/catheter

A

p. aeruginosa

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2
Q

anticentromere Ab

A

CREST

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3
Q

which MHC is used to display antigens by macrophages?

A

MHC II

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4
Q

MHC II peptide loading affected by metabolite concentration (inc. pH) in:

A

endosomes, liposomes, phagolysosomes

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5
Q

deep brain stimulation for parkinson’s in the:

A

globus pallidus (also thalamus and subthalamic nucleus)

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6
Q

placenta accreta

A

invasion of 75% of the myometrium

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7
Q

placenta percreta

A

invasion of ENTIRE myometrium

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8
Q

hot tub folliculitis

A

p. aeruginosa

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9
Q

duchenne’s

A

X-linked recessive

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10
Q

I cell disease (inclusion)

A

no urine mucopolysaccharide, skin fibroblasts w/dense inclusion bodies, defect in Golgi complex GlcNAc phosphotransferase (transfers P to mannose for lysosomal targeting)

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11
Q

BUN/creat ratio > 15

A

prerenal azotemia: kidney hypoperfusion–> dec. GFR–> inc. ratio

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12
Q

decreased BUN/creat ratio <10, FeNa 3%

A

intrarenal azotemia

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13
Q

after some exhalation, air flow is limited by __________ and determined by elastic recoil and resistance upstream

A

airway compression

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14
Q

restrictive disease

A

max flow decreases as total V expired; abnormally high flow in latter expiration b/c of inc. recoil

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15
Q

oxidase positive, nonlactose-fermenting, gm neg bacillus, unipolar motility, pyocyanin (blue-green)

A

p. aeruginosa

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16
Q

obstructive disease

A

low flow, scooped after point of max flow

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17
Q

neuro sx similar to botulinum, small cell ca

A

lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome: dec. Ca–> dec. Ach in NMJ affects skeletal m., autonomics, cerebellum

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18
Q

coarse facial features, hip dislocation, inguinal hernia, hypotonia

A

I cell disease

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19
Q

incoordination, ataxia, loss of sensation of ipsi half of face, contra trunk/ext., loss of CN V, IX, X, XI

A

lateral medullary/PICA syndrome (Wallenberg’s)

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20
Q

fever, catatonia, muscle rigidity, delirium, myoglobinemia, inc. CK w/hx of chlorpromazine

A

NMS

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21
Q

chlorpromazine

A

typical antipsychotic; dopamine antagonist

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22
Q

addison’s disease (primary adrenal insuff.)

A

dec. aldosterone and cortisol–> hypotension, skin pigmentation (POMC–> ACTH–> alpha-MSH), calcified pinna

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23
Q

secondary or tertiary hypocortisolism

A

dec. CRH or ACTH; no skin pigmentation

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24
Q

von gierke’s disease

A

glucose 6 phosphatase def.–> hypoglycemia; inc. glycogen in liver/kidneys; lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia–> fat cheeks; inc. uric acid; tx: continuous feeds of carbs

25
Q

winter’s formula for metabolic acidosis

A

expected pCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3) + 8 +/-2………. If actual pCO2 >, primary resp. acid.; if actual pCO2 <, primary resp. alk.

26
Q

intrarenal azotemia w/muddy casts and tubulorrhexis

A

ATN of PCT

27
Q

how does alcohol kill bacteria?

A

disintegrates cell membrane (making lipids water soluble), then denatures proteins

28
Q

mutation in HbS

A

glutamate (hydrophilic) to valine (hydrophobic)

29
Q

why do RBCs sickle w/HBS?

A

to gain stabilizing hydrophobic interactions

30
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

decussates at spinal cord; P&T

31
Q

decussates at medulla

A

posterior column medial lemniscus, corticospinal tract

32
Q

lateral corticospinal tract

A

voluntary motor

33
Q

dorsal columns

A

pressure, vibration, fine touch, proprioception

34
Q

tophi locations

A

external ear, olecranon bursa, achilles tendon

35
Q

botulinum toxin

A

heavy chain (endocytosis); light chain (protease); toxin A degrades SNAP-25 protein (SNARE normally fuses vesicle for NT release) to inh. Release of Ach into synaptic cleft

36
Q

schizoid personality d/o

A

no interest in relationships, solitary, secretive, emotionally cord

37
Q

high SD = high variability = homo or hetero population?

A

heterogeneous

38
Q

cingulate gyrus herniation

A

limbic system; abnormal posturing and coma

39
Q

uncal herniation

A

ipsi pupillary dilation 1st (parasymp fibers on outside of CN III), eyes down and out; ipsi primary visual cortex (PCA) and contra homonymous hemianopia

40
Q

duret hemorrhages

A

midbrain, pons–> reticular formation

41
Q

decorticate posturing, respiratory depression, lethargy, dec. HR

A

uncal herniation

42
Q

adenylyl cyclase activation requires:

A

GTP binding

43
Q

dec. SV, inc. LAP and PVR

A

mitral regurgitation

44
Q

MR murmur increases with:

A

inc. TPR: squat, handgrip; inc. VR: expiration

45
Q

inc. preload and dec. afterload does what to SV?

A

increases SV

46
Q

S3

A

ischemia, MVP, LV dilation

47
Q

synchronized d/c (spike and wave) of thalamocortical neurons

A

absence seizures (similar to delta SWS in stage 3 and 4)

48
Q

MLF lesion

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia- one eye won’t cross midline; integrates CN III, IV, VI, VIII, FEF

49
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia w/contra nystagmus, diplopia

50
Q

dec. diffusing capactiy for CO (DLco)

A

ARDS

51
Q

inc. Na intake leads to:

A

inc. PV, wt, cardiac/SV index, kidney failure

52
Q

budding yeast, soil, pigeon droppings

A

cryptococcus

53
Q

india ink w/latex agg test for cryptococcus looks for:

A

polysaccharide capsular antigen

54
Q

hypotension w/gm neg rods

A

LPS stim. TNF-alpha and IL-1 via TLR-4 binding CD14 on monocytes/macrphages/PMNs

55
Q

vertebral mets w/pleomorphic epithelial cells forming duct-like structures

A

prostate adenocarcinoma

56
Q

asymmetric gluteal folds in newborn

A

hip dislocation

57
Q

congenital hip dislocation without tx

A

erosive arthropathy

58
Q

strongest hip ligament

A

iliofemoral

59
Q

generalized tonic-clonic seizure tx:

A

valproate: inh. VG Na and T-type Ca channels, inc. GABA; carbamazepine: stabilizes inactive Na channels, inc. GABA; phenytoin: stabilizes inactiv. Na channels

NBME (5 decks)

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