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NBME > NBME 12 > Flashcards

NBME 12 Flashcards

1
Q

superior oblique; lateral rectus innervation

A

SO4, LR6

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2
Q

Vd

A

Vd = amount drug in body/plasma concentration of drug

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3
Q

inc. Vd = more or less diluted

A

more diluted

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4
Q

pancuronium

A

muscle relaxant; non-depolarizing competitive Ach antag

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5
Q

dantrolene

A

binds ryanodine rec. to dec. free intracellular Ca; for: malignant hyperthermia, NMS, spasticity

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6
Q

atracurium

A

muscle relaxant; non-depolarizing; tox: hypotension, reflex tach, bronchospasm

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7
Q

succinylcholine

A

nicotinic Ach agonist; depolarizing neuromusc. blocker; tox: inc. K, malignant hyperthermia, apnea

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8
Q

metencephalon

A

pons, cerebellum, 4th ventricle, CN’s V-VIII (TelDi/Mes/MetMyel)

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9
Q

von gierke’s

A

AR, glucose 6 phosphatase def.; dec. glucose even w/glucagon, inc. ketones/lactic acid/TG/uric acid

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10
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

dec. C3; inc. seg. Neutrophils; inc. IL1 and TNF

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11
Q

decrease spasticity by:

A

activating GABA rec. in muscle spindle afferents

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12
Q

fastest measurable physiologic response via what receptors:

A

ligand-coupled ion channel rec.–> immediate hyperpol/depol

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13
Q

acetazolamide

A

inc. ventilation to prevent resp. alkalosis at high altitudes; tox: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

BPH w/UTI

A

e. faecalis

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15
Q

miconazole resistance

A

mutation of lanosterol C14 demethylase active site

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16
Q

lysogenic phage

A

COBEDS: cholera, O-antigen for salmonella, botulinum, erythrogenic exotoxin for S. pyo, diphtheria, shiga

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17
Q

retroperitoneal

A

SAD PUCKER (except tail of pancreas); PADD secondarily

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18
Q

nicotine

A

inc. dopamine in nucleus accumbens (pleasure center)

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19
Q

hashimoto’s

A

anti-TPO, thyroglobulin, TSH Ab’s

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20
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

dec. rec. on muscle cell membrane

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21
Q

HTN inc. risk for

A

ruptured intracerebral aneurysm

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22
Q

alcoholic cirrhosis w/portal HTN

A

hypersplenism–> petechiae, pancytopenia

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23
Q

beta-thalassemia

A

G–> A stop mutation at 246

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24
Q

fasting for 1 week effect on: F26BP, G6phosphatase, PEPCK, pyruvate kinase

A

glycolysis dec.: F26BP (normally activates PFK1) and pyruvate kinase; gluconeogenesis inc.: G6phosphatase and PEPCK (OAA–> PEP)

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25
Q

hardy weinberg

A

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; p + q = 1

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26
Q

ARBs

A

dec. ATII action–> dec. aldosterone–> inc. K

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27
Q

cochlear implant electrical signals

A

auditory nerve endings in cochlea

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28
Q

trazodone

A

SSRI for depression; tox: priapism

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29
Q

cyproheptadine

A

1st gen. antihistamine for hayfever

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30
Q

paroxetine

A

SSRI; also for premature ejaculation

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31
Q

reye’s

A

mito dysfunction

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32
Q

keratin gel inc. nerve regeneration

A

schwann cells

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33
Q

age-related decreased immune response

A

change in T cells

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34
Q

CA of head of pancreas

A

dec. duodenal pH

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35
Q

silver nitrate/AgNO3

A

prevents gonorrheae infection

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36
Q

serine, threonine, tyrosine, histidine, arginine, lysine

A

phosphorylation

37
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle lesion

A

ipsi lesion of vestibulocochlear nerve function

38
Q

chronic neuropathy–> reinnervation–>

A

fiber grouping

39
Q

TPN predisposes to:

A

Candida infection

40
Q

swimmer’s itch

A

schistosoma cercarial dermatitis (snails); tx: mebendazole

41
Q

rash after fever

A

roseola

42
Q

hilar adenopathy w/9 day rash

A

measles

43
Q

posterior cervical adenopathy

A

rubella and EBV

44
Q

congenital rubella

A

cataracts, deafness, MR, red/blueberry muffin rash (3 day measles)

45
Q

haloperidol

A

typical antipsychotic; D inverse agonist (binds same rec. w/opposite response)

46
Q

aripiprazole

A

2nd gen. atypical antipsychotic; partial D agonist

47
Q

copper wiring/bronze sheen

A

hypertensive retinopathy

48
Q

max flow in RCA during:

A

early diastole

49
Q

asthma exacerbation

A

dec. tactile fremitus, inc. pulse, inc. RR, dec. BP

50
Q

inc. AFP w/testicular swelling

A

non-seminomatous tumor (yolk sac or endodermal sinus)

51
Q

glitazones

A

TZD’s; improve cell response to insulin; stim. PPAR-gamma; tox for Pio/Rosi-glitazones = inc. LDL

52
Q

metformin

A

biguanide; improve cell response to insulin

53
Q

terbutaline

A

anti-contraction

54
Q

nitroprusside

A

vasodilates, dec. TPR/afterload and VR/preload

55
Q

isoproterenol

A

beta agonist

56
Q

NE

A

inc. BP and TPR; alpha1/2, beta 1 agonist

57
Q

jansen’s metaphyseal chondroplasia

A

stim. PTHR-1

58
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A

vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric)

59
Q

S2 split w/inspiration

A

normal A2-P2

60
Q

S2 split w/expiration

A

AS, HCM, LBBB, ventricular pacemaker

61
Q

mid-systolic ejection murmur

A

anemia, pregnancy–> hyperthyroidism

62
Q

classic galactosemia

A

gal-1-p-uridylyltransferase def.; AR, liver disease–> hyperammonemia, sepsis, cataracts

63
Q

consanguinity

A

degree of blood relation

64
Q

dubin johnson and rotor syndrome

A

AR, inc. conj. Bili

65
Q

black liver

A

dubin johnson

66
Q

crigler-najjar type 1

A

AR, no glucuronyltransferase–> majorly inc. unconj. Bili

67
Q

gilbert’s and crigler-najjar type 2

A

dec. glucuronyltransferase–> inc. unconj. bili

68
Q

zileuton

A

blocks 5-lipoxygenase

69
Q

montelukast

A

blocks LT rec.

70
Q

corticobulbar

A

brain motor cortex to CN nuclei

71
Q

corticospinal

A

brain to spinal cord (ipsi side)

72
Q

decussation of pyramidal tract is in:

A

medulla: above = contra; below = ipsi

73
Q

locus ceruleus

A

stress/panic

74
Q

inc. cGMP causes:

A

dec. preload, inc. coronary flow; good for angina

75
Q

ribavirin

A

guanosine inhibitor for HCV, RSV

76
Q

angiotensinogen produced in:

A

liver

77
Q

ACE and endothelin produced in:

A

lung

78
Q

ACE and renin produced in:

A

kidney

79
Q

aldosterone produced in:

A

adrenal cortex

80
Q

sympathetic reflex to blood loss:

A

arterial/venous constriction; inc. HR

81
Q

external validity

A

extent to which test results can be generalized

82
Q

face validity

A

subjective

83
Q

Km

A

1/2 Vmax but 1 enzyme may have greater affinity, so it’d have an inc. slope for Vmax

84
Q

renal compensation for DKA

A

inc. NH4Cl excretion to inc. HCO3

85
Q

prostatic ca metastasis tx:

A

continuous leuprolide/GnRH

86
Q

dx of klinefelter’s

A

chromosomal analysis of lymphocytes

87
Q

symphathetic chain lesion at level of lung

A

preganglionic horner’s syndrome

88
Q

sympathetic chain lesion at level of ICA

A

postganglionic horner’s syndrome w/absent anhydrosis or in middle of forehead

89
Q

ehrlichiosis tx:

A

doxycycline

NBME (5 decks)

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