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NBME > NBME 13 > Flashcards

NBME 13 Flashcards

1
Q

progressive increase in SOB as day progresses

A

myasthenia gravis

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2
Q

fever and leukocytosis

A

IL-1

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3
Q

chemotaxis

A

LTB4, C5a, 5-HETE, bacterial products, IL-8

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4
Q

progressive weakness of hands leading to atrophy, dec. strength, diffuse hyperreflexia, fasciculations, difficulty swallowing

A

ALS

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5
Q

complex I inhibited by:

A

rotenone

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6
Q

complex II enzyme is:

A

succinate DH

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7
Q

NADH–> NAD+

A

complex I

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8
Q

FADH2–> FAD

A

complex II

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9
Q

complex III inhibited by:

A

actinomycin

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10
Q

complex IV inhibited by:

A

cyanide, CO

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11
Q

complex V inhibited by:

A

oligomycin

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12
Q

1/2 O2–> H2O

A

complex IV

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13
Q

ADP + Pi –> ATP + H2O

A

complex V

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14
Q

autoimmune disorder vs postsynaptic Ach rec.; proximal m. weakness of LE

A

myasthenia gravis

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15
Q

autoimmune disorder vs presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ; proximal m. weakness of LE

A

myasthenic (lambert eaton) syndrome

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16
Q

abciximab

A

prevents fibrinogen from binding to PLTs; inh. GPIIbIIIa rec.

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17
Q

suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

ovarian BV’s

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18
Q

acetazolamide

A

for glaucoma, urinary alk., met. Alk., altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri; tox: hyperchloremic met. Acid., paresthesia, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy, hypovolemia–> orthostatic hypotension

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19
Q

bone/cartilage erosion

A

rheumatoid arthritis; inc. IL-1

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20
Q

cleavage and polyadenylation signal

A

AAUAAAA

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21
Q

bupivacaine

A

amide for nerve block; dec. permeability to Na to prevent depolarization

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22
Q

ANP

A

responds to inc. BV and atrial P; leads to: vasc. Relaxation, dec. Na reabsorption @ medullary CT, constricts EA and dilates AA to inc. GFR, promotes diuresis and aldosterone escape, dec. Renin

23
Q

organophosphates

A

Achesterase inhibitor causing difficulty breathing, sweating, inc. salivation, diarrhea; tx: atropine or pralidoxime

24
Q

uterine relaxation

25
Q

avascular necrosis seen in:

A

corticosteroid use, RA, SLE, sickle cell, caisson’s disease (decompression sickness)

26
Q

inc. uric acid seen in:

A

gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop/thiazide diuretics

27
Q

breast cancer prognosis determinant:

A

lymph node invasion

28
Q

tx for UE swelling after axillary node removal

A

compression sleeve

29
Q

muscle atrophy is due to:

A

inc. protein degradation

30
Q

p. aeruginosa

A

biofilms in CF

31
Q

peptidyl transferase on 50S

A

forms peptide bonds b/w aa (covalent)

32
Q

pindolol

A

BB w/partial beta agonist activity; intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; membrane stabilizing antiarrhythmic; 5-HT1a rec. partial agonist/antagonist

33
Q

gastric adenocarcinoma risk factor

A

nitrosamines/smoked foods

34
Q

alcohol effect on cytochrome P450

A

inducer–> inc. hepatic aminotransferase

35
Q

NAPQI

A

toxic byproduct of acetaminophen

36
Q

activation of hepatic adenylyl cyclase in diabetic patient

A

hyperglycemia: insulin–> inc. cAMP–> stim. PKA–> inc. Ca, myosin light chain kinase in smooth m., phosphorylase kinase–> glycogen phosphorylase

37
Q

paraganglioma

A

neuroendocrine; benign; from glomus cells (chemoreceptors from neural crest); chromaffin neg

38
Q

MPO deficiency

A

dec. neutrophil degranulation for HOCl production; pos. blue NBT = NADPH oxidase intact; usually includes green heme pigment

39
Q

clomiphene

A

for infertility; SERM inc. gonadotropins by inhibiting neg feedback; citrate induces ovulation

40
Q

seminal vesicles

A

produce 70% of semen and fructose

41
Q

prostate gland

A

produces proteolytic enzymes, citrate, acid phos

42
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

produce lubricant which goes into the urethra

43
Q

neonate w/opioid/heroin withdrawal

A

sucking frantically/crying inconsolably; overreaction to stimuli w/marked startle response; sx resolve over 2-3 wks

44
Q

pulmonary edema

A

labored breathing, crackles, rhonchii, scattered wheezing, dec. pO2

45
Q

lithium tox:

A

dehydration (competes w/ADH rec. in medullary CD), hypothyroidism, wt gain

46
Q

isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic– PCT

47
Q

isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic– JGA

48
Q

isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic– medullary CD

49
Q

paint thinner/toluene/methylbenzene tox:

A

flashing spots, blurred vision, vomiting, confusion, diff. walking, dilated pupils, hyperemia of optic disc and retinal edema, tachypnea, AG met. Acid.; tx: alcohol DH inhibitor

50
Q

HSV is latent in:

A

sensory nerve cells

51
Q

AVM predisposes to:

A

seizures, rupture w/MVC–> hemorrhage

52
Q

complex IV is:

A

cytochrome a+a3

53
Q

complex III is:

A

cytochrome b

54
Q

FADH–> complex II–> ???? –> complex III–> ???–> complex IV

A

CoQ, cytochrome c

NBME (5 decks)

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