NBME 11 Flashcards
doxorubicin
ROS’s intercalate DNA; tox: alopecia, toxic extravasation, cardiotox
cyclophosphamide
crosslinks DNA at guanine N7; bioactivation by liver; tox: hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna)
vincristine
tox: peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus
glyburide, meglitinide
sulfonylurea; blocks ATP K channel
schizoaffective
2 wks stable mood w/psych sx; plus major depressive or manic episode
schizophreniform
1-6 months Schizo
brief psychotic d/o
less than 1 mo. Schizo
L-dopa converted to dopa by:
DDC w/pyridoxine (vit. B6)
selegiline
irreversible MAOB-I for: early parkinson’s, depression, senile dementia
gabapentin
for: epilepsy, neuropathy
baclofen
for: muscle spasms; stim. GABAb rec. like GHB
ropinirole
D2 agonist for restless legs syndrome
scopolamine
M1 Ach antagonist for motion sickness
dronabinol
THC for chemo N/V
ondansetron
5-HT3 antag for chemo N/V
metoclopramide
for: N/V, gastroparesis, migraines
phenylephrine
alpha1 agonist; for: decongestant, mydriatic, inc. BP, detumescent (abort priapism); tox: HTN, rebound prostatic hyperemia, sz, GI
meperidine
narcotic
guaifenesin
expectorant, uricosuric; tox: N/V/D, constipation
dextromethorphan
anti-tussive; derived from opiate but NOT analgesic or addictive
chlorpheniramine
1st gen. antihistamine for allergies; tox: drowsiness, constipation
crohn’s disease
tight junction (zonula occludens) permeability w/dec. barrier function
pertussis toxin
inh. Gi–> stim. Adenylyl cyclase–> inc. cAMP: dec. chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism; inc. lymphocytes; inc. insulin–> dec. glucose
hypothyroidism
dec. energy, impaired concentration, tingling/paresthesias/slow relaxation, constipation, wt gain, apathy, doughy skin, coarse hair
CMV evasion of immune response
dec. MHC I (degraded when secreted into cytosol rather than cell membrane)
albuterol
beta2 agonist relaxes smooth m.; Gs is B1, B2, D1, H1, V2–> adenylyl cyclase–> cAMP–> PKA
transformation
naked DNA uptake (competent)
conjugation
plasmids require cell to cell contact; E. coli
asbestos
insulation installer
opiate OD
pinpoint pupils, resp. depression, coma, hypotonia
glucagon
stim. HSL
wedge-shaped density extending anteriorly and inferiorly from the hilum of the right lung
obstruction of RML
VSD
holosystolic @ L sternal border; failure of fusion of IV septum w/endocardial cushions
ductus venosus
shunts blood from umbilical v. to IVC; becomes ligamentum venosum
methoxamine
alpha1 agonist
atropine
competitive muscarinic ACh rec. antagonist