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NBME > NBME 11 > Flashcards

NBME 11 Flashcards

1
Q

doxorubicin

A

ROS’s intercalate DNA; tox: alopecia, toxic extravasation, cardiotox

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2
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

crosslinks DNA at guanine N7; bioactivation by liver; tox: hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna)

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3
Q

vincristine

A

tox: peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus

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4
Q

glyburide, meglitinide

A

sulfonylurea; blocks ATP K channel

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5
Q

schizoaffective

A

2 wks stable mood w/psych sx; plus major depressive or manic episode

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6
Q

schizophreniform

A

1-6 months Schizo

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7
Q

brief psychotic d/o

A

less than 1 mo. Schizo

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8
Q

L-dopa converted to dopa by:

A

DDC w/pyridoxine (vit. B6)

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9
Q

selegiline

A

irreversible MAOB-I for: early parkinson’s, depression, senile dementia

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10
Q

gabapentin

A

for: epilepsy, neuropathy

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11
Q

baclofen

A

for: muscle spasms; stim. GABAb rec. like GHB

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12
Q

ropinirole

A

D2 agonist for restless legs syndrome

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13
Q

scopolamine

A

M1 Ach antagonist for motion sickness

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14
Q

dronabinol

A

THC for chemo N/V

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15
Q

ondansetron

A

5-HT3 antag for chemo N/V

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16
Q

metoclopramide

A

for: N/V, gastroparesis, migraines

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17
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha1 agonist; for: decongestant, mydriatic, inc. BP, detumescent (abort priapism); tox: HTN, rebound prostatic hyperemia, sz, GI

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18
Q

meperidine

A

narcotic

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19
Q

guaifenesin

A

expectorant, uricosuric; tox: N/V/D, constipation

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20
Q

dextromethorphan

A

anti-tussive; derived from opiate but NOT analgesic or addictive

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21
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st gen. antihistamine for allergies; tox: drowsiness, constipation

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22
Q

crohn’s disease

A

tight junction (zonula occludens) permeability w/dec. barrier function

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23
Q

pertussis toxin

A

inh. Gi–> stim. Adenylyl cyclase–> inc. cAMP: dec. chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism; inc. lymphocytes; inc. insulin–> dec. glucose

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24
Q

hypothyroidism

A

dec. energy, impaired concentration, tingling/paresthesias/slow relaxation, constipation, wt gain, apathy, doughy skin, coarse hair

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25
Q

CMV evasion of immune response

A

dec. MHC I (degraded when secreted into cytosol rather than cell membrane)

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26
Q

albuterol

A

beta2 agonist relaxes smooth m.; Gs is B1, B2, D1, H1, V2–> adenylyl cyclase–> cAMP–> PKA

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27
Q

transformation

A

naked DNA uptake (competent)

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28
Q

conjugation

A

plasmids require cell to cell contact; E. coli

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29
Q

asbestos

A

insulation installer

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30
Q

opiate OD

A

pinpoint pupils, resp. depression, coma, hypotonia

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31
Q

glucagon

A

stim. HSL

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32
Q

wedge-shaped density extending anteriorly and inferiorly from the hilum of the right lung

A

obstruction of RML

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33
Q

VSD

A

holosystolic @ L sternal border; failure of fusion of IV septum w/endocardial cushions

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34
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts blood from umbilical v. to IVC; becomes ligamentum venosum

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35
Q

methoxamine

A

alpha1 agonist

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36
Q

atropine

A

competitive muscarinic ACh rec. antagonist

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37
Q

isoproterenol

A

beta1 and 2 agonist

38
Q

NE

A

alpha1> alpha 2> beta1 agonist

39
Q

zolpidem, zaleplon

A

for insomnia; binds GABAa rec. in SCN

40
Q

ramelteon

A

for insomnia; binds MT1, 2 rec. in SCN

41
Q

hydroxyzine

A

1st gen. antihistamine, anxiolytic

42
Q

benzo OD tx:

A

flumazenil

43
Q

buspirone

A

anxiolytic; 5-HT1a partial agonist; takes a few weeks to take effect

44
Q

alprazolam

A

anxiolytic benzo; binds GABAa rec.

45
Q

APML tx complication:

46
Q

RNA dep. DNA pol.

A

HIV and HTLV

47
Q

+copper reduction test, -glucose oxidase test

A

gal-1-p-uridyltransferase def.

48
Q

ratio of O2 consumption:blood flow is lower in kidneys because:

A

O2 consumption/blood flow is restricted in medulla by tubulovascular anatomy–> urine concentration

49
Q

tricuspid vs mitral being anterior vs posterior

A

tricuspid = anterior; mitral = posterior

50
Q

sarcoidosis

A

perihilar granulomatous inflammation

51
Q

why is there swelling/blebbing of cell membranes?

A

dec. sarcoplasmic ATP–> dec. Na/K pump activity–> inc. Na, H2O in the cell

52
Q

Q fever

A

coxiella burnetii (similar to rickettsia)

53
Q

leptospirosis

A

leptospira = spirochete; ocular sx, H/A, fever, myalgia, meningismus

54
Q

leptospirosis w/hemorrhages, renal failure, jaundice

A

weil’s disease

55
Q

lyme disease

A

borellia burgdorferi = spirochete; rash/flu, carditis/neuro sx, arthritis

56
Q

CF

A

AR w/high heterozygous frequency in caucasians

57
Q

digoxin

A

for A-fib, CHF; tox: 3rd deg. complete AV block w/paroxymal tachyarrhythmia (tx: atropine), yellow-green halos

58
Q

sucralfate

A

forms acid buffer and attaches to proteins on duodenal ulcers

59
Q

ranitidine

A

H2 blocker for GERD, ulcers

60
Q

steroid induced osteoporosis

A

inh. osteoblast differentiation (Wnt signaling); enhance bone resorption; inh. GI Ca absorption; inc. urine Ca loss; inh. sex steroids

61
Q

CGG repeats lead to:

A

methylation–> dec. expression of FMR1 protein–> fragile X

62
Q

wallenberg’s syndrome (lateral medulla)

A

PICA; loss of P/T on contra body and ipsi face

63
Q

gerstmann’s syndrome (angular gyrus of L parietal lobe)

A
  1. agraphia, 2. acalculia, 3. can’t distinguish L vs R, 4. finger agnosia
64
Q

gerstmann-straussler-scheinker

A

spongiform encephalopathy

65
Q

dejerine-roussy syndrome (dorsolateral thalamus)

A

PCA; inc. pain and dec. sensation in face and extremities

66
Q

weber’s syndrome (lower midbrain)

A

paramedian branches of PCA or perforating aa. of basilar bifurcation; oculomotor palsy and contra hemiparesis/hemiplegia

67
Q

exercise in diabetic patient

A

inc. phosphorylase kinase–> inc. glucose

68
Q

GABAa rec. mutation

A

dec. postsynaptic Cl influx

69
Q

PaCO2

A

metabolic CO2 production/ventilation

70
Q

kawasaki’s

A

desquamative skin rash, conjunctivitis

71
Q

lactulose

A

acidic metabolites trap ammonia in colon

72
Q

competitive antagonist

A

increases amount of agonist needed for max response

73
Q

non-competitive antagonist

A

decreases max response no matter the amount of agonist

74
Q

coccidiodomycosis

A

california fever; arthroconidia spores; dimorphic: mold in soil and spherule in host

75
Q

right CHF

A

enlarged RA and RV

76
Q

abd cramps, N/V, tach/HTN, rhinorrhea/lacrimation/diaphoresis, piloerection, mydriasis, resting tremor, restless, yawning

A

heroin withdrawal

77
Q

surgical neck of humerus

A

axillary nerve (teres minor, deltoid), lateral UE sensation, posterior circumflex humeral a.

78
Q

biker w/erectile dysfunction

A

damaged blood and nerve supply to erectile tissue

79
Q

+PPD with what cells?

A

macrophages

80
Q

screening test shoots for high:

A

sensitivity

81
Q

EDS defect in:

A

synthesis of fibrillar collagen (NOT fibrillin)

82
Q

inc. estrogen in pregnancy leads to increased:

A

TBG–> inc. T4 w/low or normal TSH

83
Q

ropinirole

A

dopamine agonist

84
Q

benztropine

A

anticholinergic, antihistamine, dopamine reuptake inhibitor

85
Q

baclofen

A

stim. GABAb rec.

86
Q

bacillus anthracis capsule

A

polyglutamic acid

87
Q

haemophilus influenzae capsule

A

polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP)

88
Q

gynecomastia w/dec. energy and erectile dysfunction tx:

A

testosterone

89
Q

rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

central pontine myelinolysis; sx: paralysis, dysphagia, dysarthria, LOC

90
Q

alzheimer’s tx w/cholinesterase inh. inc. connections b/w:

A

basal forebrain and neurons in cerebral cortex

91
Q

why mito encode their own tRNA:

A

use non-standard genetic code

92
Q

inc. phenylalanine, dec. dopamine and serotonin

A

deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase or tetrahydrobiopterin

NBME (5 decks)

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