NBME 30 Flashcards by Maddy Jamal

Depigmentated skin, hair, irises + cochlear dysfn (bilat SNHL). Cause?

Abnl neural crest cell development

Genetic mutation for TFs - abnl development of melanoblast - Waardenburg Synd.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mixed FFAs + hormone that inc glucose clearnce when injected into the duodenum. What is the hormone?

GIP
Secretin
Somatostatin

Secretin no as its mainly for bicarbonate rich pancreatitic secretion

SMT - indirect effect viz reg of insulin and glucagon

So ans is GIP (secreted K cells)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes consolidation to occur?

Pores of Kohn are the cause of rapid spread of organism btw alveoli to LL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For a test to be sensitive, it has to have what?

More TPs and less FNs. So dec FNs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CN3 effected + contralateral hemiparesis. Hyperreflexia+ pronator drift. Cause?

Midbrain lesion (medial)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nitroprusside effects on LVEDV and LVEDP?

Both dec as art > veins so dec LVEDP for sure. Veins also dilate so dec VR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dec CO but nl LVEDV seen in?

CHF
Cor pulmonale

RVH will be seen in B, won’t effect in LVEDV.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vegetarian + heavy mensus. Peripheral smear shows?

Macrocytes
Microcytes

B is the answer due to chronic blood loss

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cause of skin tone variation?

No of melanocytes
No of melanosomes

B. No of melanosomes and density of melanin in melanosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bortezomib effects?

A proteasome inhibitor - prevent Ag presentation at MHC 1 - blunt effect of CD8 TCs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acromegaly has effects on?

G uptake in muscle
Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis

Inc breakdown and dec synthesis

Dec muscle G uptake
Inc lipolysis
Inc gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If GFR is dec to kidney, what happens to make FF stay same?

GFR dec - dec Cl to macula densa - inc RAAS activation - inc EA resistance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many surgeries and hospital admissions in hx of a yg pt. Cause?

Factitious disorder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deformation ex?

Potter sequence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disruption?

Amniotic band contricts development of limbs, fingers, penis etc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Malformation?

Intrinsic disruption in organ development

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Targeted mutation in gene coding for macrophage colcony stimulating factor causes what sk muscle abnormality?

Osteopetrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asbestos exposure RFs?

Shipbuilding, roofing and plumbing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which ligament effected if pt feels like something is pulling on her labia majora?

Round ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If uterus has to separated from surrounding pelvic struc. What ligament?

Uterosacral ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is renal pO2 grter than any venous system?

BF per gm is grter in kidney than any other organ

Bicarbonate resorption cause Bohr effect is unlikely as the O2 curve only gets effected by H+ or CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kwashiorkor v/s Marasmus?

Acute malNTN can be either of the 2

If edema + hepatomegaly ppt - Kwashiorkor

If both not present - Marasmus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypersensitivity to sun to the point of blistering and hyperpigmentation is seen in?

Porphyria cutanea tarda - defect in uroporphobilinogen decarboxylase - heme synthesis defect

Inc acc of uroporphobilinogen III in skin that when it’s exposed to sun - generation of ROS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

10 yr hx of constipation + bloating and cramping+ no issues with appetite or sleep + abdomen palpation has diffuse discomfort. Cause?

IBS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If small < 5 yr kid is told abt death they wud think of it as?

Its reversible and temporary

Wound healing ka imp aspect is? Collagen Fibronectin

B. Helps with FBs proliferation

Balanced translocation not in exons and only seen in pts not unaffected members. Effects what?

Disruption of reg seq

Qn 50 - obese v/s thin has what?

Inc fat - dec plasma conc and inc Vol of distribution Low fat - high plasma vol and low VoD. Bioavailability, absorption and t1/2 have nothing to do with body fat.

ALL v/s AML?

ALL in yg kids + no gingival hyperplasia but yes blast cells seen AML - in adults+ gingival hyperplasia + blast cells

No cooing, no smiling bas can lift head when supine at 3m.

Delayed social Delayed verbal Nl motor

Uterine prolapse v/s cystocele?

Uterine prolapse seen on speculum exam + inc on Valsalva Cystocele - urinary retention/incontinence and ant bulge on PEx

Vocal cords when open/closed: Swallowing Laryngeal irritation While coughing

Closed Closed Open

Lung injury in Tb is a what HSR?

Type 4

Cerebellar ataxia + scleral telangiectasia+ LN in ant neck palpable - Hopkins Lymphoma. Cause of lymphoma?

Ataxia telangiectasia is a AR DNA repair defect in ATM gene. Inc DNA damage inc cells to undergo cancerous transformation

Pain on left hip with no movement issue bas unable to sleep on left. Defect?

Trochanteric bursitis

A registry based screening is better than non-registry based. Why?

External validity as it verifies age and inclusion criteria

Inc Ach in dementia helps with what?

Basal forebrain and cerebral Cx is better targeted (Hippocampus is mainly effected not mammillary bodies)

Prophylaxis for Migraine against? SRT Neuropeptide Y

A B has nothing to fo with migraine.

Cause of syncope in carotid sinus reflex is: Bradyarrthmia Art VD

A B - presyncope with lightheadedness and tunnel vision + orthostatic hypotension

A 2 month old girl with repetitive infections ahs very low Ns count and dec Hct and Hb. Dx?

Congenital neutropenia

A drig that dec Vmax and dec Km is?

Partial agonist

Result of type 1 HSR in nasal mucosa?

Inc eosinophils

Prevalence high in F but incidence same im both cause?

Shorter disease duration in M

Iodine scan binds to what in TG?

I2 binds to T4-TBP (majority is in this form)

Complex I v/s Complex II of ETC?

Complex I - NADH Complex II - FADH2

Pick v/s NPH?

Pick - u have behavioral changes + motor issues NPH classic triad

Qn 122 - which drugs causes contraction at GI muscle and is not metabolized by AchE?

Bethanechol - chose Muscuranic agonist as GI muscle

Cytosolic v/s nucleus binding?

Cytosol - steroid Hs have R here and then they translocate to nucleus Nuclear R - Thyroid Hs and retinoic acid

Degeneracy of genetic code?

Different codons can encode for same AA. Thus multiple tRNA exist for most AAs Out of 64 codons - 3 are stop codons and tryptophan and methionine have spp codons

Statistically significant refers to what type of error?

Type 1 error being< 5%

Heart murmur+ hepatomegaly+ flushing+ low BP + diarrhea. Tumor where? Adrenal gland BM Kidney Ovary Small intestine

Carcinoid tumor - small intestine

Thenar atrophy + abductor pollicis brevis weak. Cause?

Median nerve injury - palmar lat hand sensation effected

Inc CVP + dec MAP + inc PCWP + dec Aortic pr but pulse rate is same post drug administration. Cause: Dec contraction of heart Inc LV complaince Inc ventricle conduction

Picture of build up in heart though rate isn't effected (inotropic fn same) Most likely contraction is the issue.

RCM with Hx of heme malignancy. Acc of what in heart? Lambda light chain Serum amyloid A

A B - happens in chronic infections and autoimmune issues

A pt with multiple infection+ C/P of rickets + dec TCs and BCs. Dec Igs too. Cause:

ADA def - SCID - adenosine to inosine conversion effected

AntiBs in salmonella help with?

Asymptomatic bact shedding via feces

Standing to supine position changes in: Pulse SV LVEDV

Pulse dec Both inc

Hypovolemic shock changes? Art-venous Po2 Lactic acid ADH Reabsorption/filtration

All inc with reabsorption

Most rapod acting BB?

Esmolol - shortest t1/2

Hypertension trtmtbpost adding HCZ?

Not CCB but ACEi

IBD v/s IBS

Both have cramping pain + lactose intolerance+ > 3 bowel movements daily + stress IBD has nighttime awakening due to pain and diarrhea (blood in feces + Fam Hx + wt loss + worsening abd pain)

Low K matlab abuse o

Diuretics

Flow = constant/r4 So if flow is 4 and diameter is dec by 1/2. New flow?

(D/2)4 = new radius 4/16 = 0.25

Acute HypoTn will effect?

3 post prone areas to dec BF related damage are Hippocampus CB NeoCx

Uterine atony Tx drug activates what R?

Oxytocin works via Gq R

IC + low Ns. Now has lung cavitation. Cause: Bact spores Fungal CW

B as IC and low Ns - aspergillus infection

IC + low Ns. Now has lung cavitation. Cause: Bact spores Fungal CW

B as IC and low Ns - aspergillus infection