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NBME > NBME 30 > Flashcards

NBME 30 Flashcards

1
Q

Depigmentated skin, hair, irises + cochlear dysfn (bilat SNHL). Cause?

A

Abnl neural crest cell development

Genetic mutation for TFs - abnl development of melanoblast - Waardenburg Synd.

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2
Q

Mixed FFAs + hormone that inc glucose clearnce when injected into the duodenum. What is the hormone?

GIP
Secretin
Somatostatin

A

Secretin no as its mainly for bicarbonate rich pancreatitic secretion

SMT - indirect effect viz reg of insulin and glucagon

So ans is GIP (secreted K cells)

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3
Q

What causes consolidation to occur?

A

Pores of Kohn are the cause of rapid spread of organism btw alveoli to LL

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4
Q

For a test to be sensitive, it has to have what?

A

More TPs and less FNs. So dec FNs.

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5
Q

CN3 effected + contralateral hemiparesis. Hyperreflexia+ pronator drift. Cause?

A

Midbrain lesion (medial)

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6
Q

Nitroprusside effects on LVEDV and LVEDP?

A

Both dec as art > veins so dec LVEDP for sure. Veins also dilate so dec VR

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7
Q

Dec CO but nl LVEDV seen in?

CHF
Cor pulmonale

A

A.

RVH will be seen in B, won’t effect in LVEDV.

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8
Q

Vegetarian + heavy mensus. Peripheral smear shows?

Macrocytes
Microcytes

A

B is the answer due to chronic blood loss

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9
Q

Cause of skin tone variation?

No of melanocytes
No of melanosomes

A

B. No of melanosomes and density of melanin in melanosomes

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10
Q

Bortezomib effects?

A

A proteasome inhibitor - prevent Ag presentation at MHC 1 - blunt effect of CD8 TCs

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11
Q

Acromegaly has effects on?

G uptake in muscle
Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis

A

Inc breakdown and dec synthesis

Dec muscle G uptake
Inc lipolysis
Inc gluconeogenesis

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12
Q

If GFR is dec to kidney, what happens to make FF stay same?

A

GFR dec - dec Cl to macula densa - inc RAAS activation - inc EA resistance

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13
Q

Many surgeries and hospital admissions in hx of a yg pt. Cause?

A

Factitious disorder

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14
Q

Deformation ex?

A

Potter sequence

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15
Q

Disruption?

A

Amniotic band contricts development of limbs, fingers, penis etc

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16
Q

Malformation?

A

Intrinsic disruption in organ development

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17
Q

Targeted mutation in gene coding for macrophage colcony stimulating factor causes what sk muscle abnormality?

A

Osteopetrosis

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18
Q

Asbestos exposure RFs?

A

Shipbuilding, roofing and plumbing

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19
Q

Which ligament effected if pt feels like something is pulling on her labia majora?

A

Round ligament

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20
Q

If uterus has to separated from surrounding pelvic struc. What ligament?

A

Uterosacral ligament

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21
Q

Why is renal pO2 grter than any venous system?

A

BF per gm is grter in kidney than any other organ

Bicarbonate resorption cause Bohr effect is unlikely as the O2 curve only gets effected by H+ or CO2

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22
Q

Kwashiorkor v/s Marasmus?

A

Acute malNTN can be either of the 2

If edema + hepatomegaly ppt - Kwashiorkor

If both not present - Marasmus

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23
Q

Hypersensitivity to sun to the point of blistering and hyperpigmentation is seen in?

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda - defect in uroporphobilinogen decarboxylase - heme synthesis defect

Inc acc of uroporphobilinogen III in skin that when it’s exposed to sun - generation of ROS

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24
Q

10 yr hx of constipation + bloating and cramping+ no issues with appetite or sleep + abdomen palpation has diffuse discomfort. Cause?

A

IBS

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25
Q

If small < 5 yr kid is told abt death they wud think of it as?

A

Its reversible and temporary

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26
Q

Wound healing ka imp aspect is?

Collagen
Fibronectin

A

B. Helps with FBs proliferation

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27
Q

Balanced translocation not in exons and only seen in pts not unaffected members. Effects what?

A

Disruption of reg seq

28
Q

Qn 50 - obese v/s thin has what?

A

Inc fat - dec plasma conc and inc Vol of distribution

Low fat - high plasma vol and low VoD.

Bioavailability, absorption and t1/2 have nothing to do with body fat.

29
Q

ALL v/s AML?

A

ALL in yg kids + no gingival hyperplasia but yes blast cells seen

AML - in adults+ gingival hyperplasia + blast cells

30
Q

No cooing, no smiling bas can lift head when supine at 3m.

A

Delayed social
Delayed verbal
Nl motor

31
Q

Uterine prolapse v/s cystocele?

A

Uterine prolapse seen on speculum exam + inc on Valsalva

Cystocele - urinary retention/incontinence and ant bulge on PEx

32
Q

Vocal cords when open/closed:

Swallowing
Laryngeal irritation
While coughing

A

Closed
Closed
Open

33
Q

Lung injury in Tb is a what HSR?

A

Type 4

34
Q

Cerebellar ataxia + scleral telangiectasia+ LN in ant neck palpable - Hopkins Lymphoma. Cause of lymphoma?

A

Ataxia telangiectasia is a AR DNA repair defect in ATM gene. Inc DNA damage inc cells to undergo cancerous transformation

35
Q

Pain on left hip with no movement issue bas unable to sleep on left. Defect?

A

Trochanteric bursitis

36
Q

A registry based screening is better than non-registry based. Why?

A

External validity as it verifies age and inclusion criteria

37
Q

Inc Ach in dementia helps with what?

A

Basal forebrain and cerebral Cx is better targeted

(Hippocampus is mainly effected not mammillary bodies)

38
Q

Prophylaxis for Migraine against?

SRT
Neuropeptide Y

A

A

B has nothing to fo with migraine.

39
Q

Cause of syncope in carotid sinus reflex is:

Bradyarrthmia
Art VD

A

A

B - presyncope with lightheadedness and tunnel vision + orthostatic hypotension

40
Q

A 2 month old girl with repetitive infections ahs very low Ns count and dec Hct and Hb. Dx?

A

Congenital neutropenia

41
Q

A drig that dec Vmax and dec Km is?

A

Partial agonist

42
Q

Result of type 1 HSR in nasal mucosa?

A

Inc eosinophils

43
Q

Prevalence high in F but incidence same im both cause?

A

Shorter disease duration in M

44
Q

Iodine scan binds to what in TG?

A

I2 binds to T4-TBP (majority is in this form)

45
Q

Complex I v/s Complex II of ETC?

A

Complex I - NADH
Complex II - FADH2

46
Q

Pick v/s NPH?

A

Pick - u have behavioral changes + motor issues

NPH classic triad

47
Q

Qn 122 - which drugs causes contraction at GI muscle and is not metabolized by AchE?

A

Bethanechol - chose Muscuranic agonist as GI muscle

48
Q

Cytosolic v/s nucleus binding?

A

Cytosol - steroid Hs have R here and then they translocate to nucleus

Nuclear R - Thyroid Hs and retinoic acid

49
Q

Degeneracy of genetic code?

A

Different codons can encode for same AA. Thus multiple tRNA exist for most AAs

Out of 64 codons - 3 are stop codons and tryptophan and methionine have spp codons

50
Q

Statistically significant refers to what type of error?

A

Type 1 error being< 5%

51
Q

Heart murmur+ hepatomegaly+ flushing+ low BP + diarrhea. Tumor where?

Adrenal gland
BM
Kidney
Ovary
Small intestine

A

Carcinoid tumor - small intestine

52
Q

Thenar atrophy + abductor pollicis brevis weak. Cause?

A

Median nerve injury - palmar lat hand sensation effected

53
Q

Inc CVP + dec MAP + inc PCWP + dec Aortic pr but pulse rate is same post drug administration. Cause:

Dec contraction of heart
Inc LV complaince
Inc ventricle conduction

A

Picture of build up in heart though rate isn’t effected (inotropic fn same)

Most likely contraction is the issue.

54
Q

RCM with Hx of heme malignancy. Acc of what in heart?

Lambda light chain
Serum amyloid A

A

A

B - happens in chronic infections and autoimmune issues

55
Q

A pt with multiple infection+ C/P of rickets + dec TCs and BCs. Dec Igs too. Cause:

A

ADA def - SCID - adenosine to inosine conversion effected

56
Q

AntiBs in salmonella help with?

A

Asymptomatic bact shedding via feces

57
Q

Standing to supine position changes in:

Pulse
SV
LVEDV

A

Pulse dec
Both inc

58
Q

Hypovolemic shock changes?

Art-venous Po2
Lactic acid
ADH
Reabsorption/filtration

A

All inc with reabsorption

59
Q

Most rapod acting BB?

A

Esmolol - shortest t1/2

60
Q

Hypertension trtmtbpost adding HCZ?

A

Not CCB but ACEi

61
Q

IBD v/s IBS

A

Both have cramping pain + lactose intolerance+ > 3 bowel movements daily + stress

IBD has nighttime awakening due to pain and diarrhea (blood in feces + Fam Hx + wt loss + worsening abd pain)

62
Q

Low K matlab abuse o

A

Diuretics

63
Q

Flow = constant/r4

So if flow is 4 and diameter is dec by 1/2. New flow?

A

(D/2)4 = new radius

4/16 = 0.25

64
Q

Acute HypoTn will effect?

A

3 post prone areas to dec BF related damage are

Hippocampus
CB
NeoCx

65
Q

Uterine atony Tx drug activates what R?

A

Oxytocin works via Gq R

66
Q

IC + low Ns. Now has lung cavitation. Cause:

Bact spores
Fungal CW

A

B as IC and low Ns - aspergillus infection

67
Q

IC + low Ns. Now has lung cavitation. Cause:

Bact spores
Fungal CW

A

B as IC and low Ns - aspergillus infection

NBME (11 decks)

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