Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBME > NBME 29 > Flashcards

NBME 29 Flashcards

1
Q

what causes ketosis in untreated T1DM and starvation?

A

inc acetyl CoA - basically inc gluconeogenesis + glycogenolysis - maintains G initially later dec OAA causes FA oxidation and thus shunting of acetyl CoA towards ketosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gag reflex?

A

aff - CN 9
eff - CN 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chlestyramine MOA?

A

dec intestinal absorption of Ch - causes inc expression of LDL R to shuttle Ch and help with endogenous TG making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SERMs like tamoxifen act on?

A

obv Ez R dumbooo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Short stature of kid but parents are normal ht. Cause?

A

2 MC cause of short stature is:

Familial - parents are short + BA = chronological age

Constitutional - nl parents + slow but consistent Growth vel + BA < Chronological age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 3 HR?

A

SLE, RA, serum sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anemia of chronic disease?

A

Decrease intestinal absorption
Inc Fe retention within RES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Supine to standing?

A

Dec VR
Dec baroR firing
Dec Cerebral BF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LL weakness+ dystonia. CSF shows low Homovanillic acid. Cause is def of?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

(Dec L-DOPA so dec NE and E)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pt survived till year 3, chances they survive till 4 v/s probability of ppl surviving till yr 4?

A

1st is mainly the % from 3-4th yr

2nd is probability of yr 1 x yr 2 x yr 3 x yr 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerve activity is present but no contraction of muscle. Drug?

A

Ach R antagonist - Curanium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intestinal absorption of glucose and galactose?

A

SGLT-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intestinal absorption of Fructose?

A

GLUT 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inhibition of Phospholipase A2?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inhibition of Phospholipase A2?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inhibition of COX 1 n 2?

A

ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can be contracted from?

A

Meat and unpasteurized cheese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Had cold and now has LL weakness?

A

Demyelinating polyneuropathy (GBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pg 48 has what part of Ig molecule undergo isotype switching?

A

2,3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oxytocin works via what to cause myometrium contraction?

A

PGE2 inhibition and dec contraction vis L-type Ca Channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What maintains basal level of Ca in myocyte?

A

Na-Ca exchanger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Any screening test to be approved (cohort study), has to have how many yrs of follow up?

A

Things like CRC, has to have atleast 10 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HyperCa in MM?

A

Local IL1 and TNFalpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Post SBP, liver has a layer of?

A

Fibrin (from the pus thingie)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inactivation of inhibin B causes?

A

Inc FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inactivation of inhibin B cause?

A

Inc FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lopinavir resistance?

A

Protein processing (protease inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Parents unaffected but kids affected. Type of inheritance?

A

Genetic heterogeneity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Old pt with dementia is weak + BMI is 14 + red tongue and brittle hair. Atrophy of muscles + loss of fat + edema of LL.

Dec Ls + albumin + transferrin and inc cortisol. Cause?

A

Protein calorie malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Double vision + imbalance+ gait ataxia + weak abduction+ inc reflexes and weakness of LL. Cause?

MS
MG
GBS
B.stem glioma

A

B.stem glioma

(Cuz CNs and UMN lesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Attributable risk?

A

E(exp) - E(control)

32
Q

Disease that has lesser symptoms in mother but more symptoms in kids. Cause:

Mitochondrial inheritance
Trinucleotide repeats

A

B. Classic for anticipation

33
Q

ACS pt prescribed a drug which inhibits PLT fn?

A

Clopidogril (ADP R blockage)

34
Q

Mass in hilar region obstructing right middle lobe bronchus?

A

Sq cell Ca

35
Q

Mass in hilar region obstructing right middle lobe bronchus?

A

Sq cell Ca

36
Q

CRC spreads where?

A

Liver

37
Q

Fracture of intertrochanteric region of femur + short externally rotated LL. Muscle for lat rotation?

A

Priformis

Medial rotation+ abduction- gluteal

Gracilus - adductor+ medial rotation+ hip flexion

Pectineus - adductor+ external rotation+ thigh flex

38
Q

Fracture of intertrochanteric region of femur + short externally rotated LL. Muscle for lat rotation?

A

Priformis

Medial rotation+ abduction- gluteal

Gracilus - adductor+ medial rotation+ hip flexion

Pectineus - adductor+ external rotation+ thigh flex

39
Q

Rapid infusion of 0.9% nl saline causes?

A

Inc CO + inc Central venous pr

40
Q

Inc glucagon effect on?

Fructose -2,6-P
Glucose -6-phosphatase
PEP carboxylase
Pyruvate kinase

A

Dec
Inc
Inc
Dec

41
Q

Sarcoidosis strongest RFs:

Ethnicity
Smoking
Gender
Employment

A

A - african American strongest RF and other is Female gender

42
Q

Cast immobilization causes

Dec capillarity
Dec IC Po2
Dec myoglobin O2 sat

A

Ans is A - B n C happens post A

43
Q

Seizures + CT shows cysts and Ca nodules + muscle and subcutaneous nodules. Cause?

A

Taenia solium

Spp to Latin America (Mexico) + Scolex/larval head seen on imaging

44
Q

NTs that cause motility in small intestine and stomach?

A

Motilin

45
Q

Barometric pr is 565mmHg. PiO2?

A

PiO2 = FiO2 x (Patm - Ph20)

= 0.21 x (565 -47)
= 109mmHg

46
Q

IgG spike + painful swollen jts in hands n knee. No urine Bence jones protein and no Bx abnl. Cause:

A) MM
B) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
C) Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

A

C is the answer.

Not MM as Bx shows no 10% plasma cells

And B mei IgM spike + cryoglobulinemia+ hyperviscosity

47
Q

AntiHz prior to thermal injury dec?

A

Initial peak only not the delayed extravasation peak

48
Q

A screening test shud be at what pt in pg 105?

A

E (high sensitivity and okay TNs high)

49
Q

Grtest amt of ATP produced via use of what atoms?

A

H-atoms

(NADH)

50
Q

Explanation of anemia in nl Alpha but dec 75% pdtn of Beta?

A

Imbalance btw the 2 alpha and beta gene pdts

51
Q

T-L leukemia where T-Ls are monoclonal. How?

A

Integration adjacent to an oncogene

p53 - in relapsed or therapy related leukemia

52
Q

Disopropyl fluorophosphate attaches to what to inhibit AchE?

A

Serine

AchE has serine, histidine and glutamate

53
Q

CMV in lung tissue infects what type of cells?

A

T-Ls

54
Q

CMV in lung tissue infects what type of cells?

A

T-Ls

55
Q

Cooperative binding?

A

S-shaped - pg122

56
Q

Boxer with pain in wrist and arm. Synovial fluid analysis nl (nl glucose + low Ns). Most likely cause?

A

OA

57
Q

HypoTN + fever + AMS + high LFTs + rash. Gram stain shows gram +ve cocci. Toxin does what?

A

Binds T-Ls R and MHC II molecules

58
Q

High LDL, high TGs and high total Ch. Cause?

A

Endocytosis issue - clathrin coat pit

59
Q

Diabetic neuropathy pain character?

A

Burning

60
Q

A drug that helps with dec the cravings for cigarettes?

A

Vireniclin - a partial nicotinic agonist

SEs - nausea and CNS issues

61
Q

What determines maximum rate of shortening in isotonic contraction?

A

Rate of cross-bridge recycling

Phosphocreatine recycling - needed for sustained contraction where ATP stores are depleted

Rate of Na/K Atpase - inc Ca and inc force of contraction

Amplitude and freq of APs - inc muscle contraction

62
Q

Coefficient of variation?

A

The lesser the more accurate

63
Q

Inc bleeding like multiple punctate bleeding lesions. Cause?

A

Pdtn of PLTs defective

Synthesis of coagulation factors and Protein C def inc bleeding+ clotting (DIC)

64
Q

GERD physio?

A

Vagal stimulation of LES defective

65
Q

Edema at burn v)s erythema at burn?

A

Gap inc btw endo cells and Hz

66
Q

Dr Late what to say best?

A

I am sorry I am late. I hope I haven’t made u late somewhere

67
Q

Is RR for a CI that doesn’t include 1 significant?

A

Yes it is. If RR <1 but CI has 1 its insignificant

68
Q

If standing inc size of 1 testis and is a lumpy mass. Cause?

Hydrocele
Varicocele

A

Since illumination isn’t mentioned safe is to choose B

69
Q

High PTH but nl Ca.

Osteoporosis or osteomalacia

A

Osteomalacia

Osteoporosis has all nl PTH, Ca and vitD

70
Q

Collateral art flow to lung tissue in PE?

A

Bronchial art

71
Q

Rewarding pathway in drug abuse?

A

DA from NA to PFC

72
Q

Endocannabinoid from ant thalamus nuclei to Somatosensory Cx?

A

Plasticity

73
Q

GABA from amygdala to limbic Cx?

A

Fear and anxiety

74
Q

NE from locus coreolus to Frontal Cx?

A

Motivation and attention

75
Q

Dec all Igs including IgM. Cause?

Pg 185

A

Not IgA def or hyper IgM but X- agammaglobulinemia

76
Q

ARDA IL?

A

IL10

NBME (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions