NB 7 function organisation of neurones

Question 1

1) Give examples of multipolar neurones:
2) Describe bipolar neurones structure:
3) Where do bipolar neurone’s cell bodies sit?

Answer 1

1) spinal motor neurons, pyramidal neurones and purkinje cells, all interneurones
2) no dendrites, part of sensory processes
3) dorsal root ganglion

Question 2

1) What is the function of glial cells?

2) Types of glial cells include:

Answer 2

1) communicate with blood vessels and bring nutrients to neurons and control ionic environments
2) oligodendrocytes- form myelin around axons for electrical insulation in CNS,
astrocytes- help to regulate extracellular
microglia- clean up dead tissue , mesodermal origin

Question 3

Identify:

1) extensive dendritic tree
2) star-shaped cells

Answer 3

1) pukinje cell

2) astrocyte

Question 4

What are the types of axonal transport?

Answer 4

1. fast anterograde
2. slow anterograde
3. fast retrograde

Question 5

What are the 2 types of slow anterograde?
Give their:
a) speed
b) what they transport
c) which direction

Answer 5

1. type A
   a) 0.2-11mm/day
   b) components of cytoskeleton sunthesis e.g. microtubules
   c) away from soma towards end of axon
2. type B
   a) 2-5mm/day
   b) smaller proteins e.g actin, myosin, clatherin
   c) away from soma towards end of axon

Question 6

What are is fast anterograde?
Give :
a) speed
b) what they transport
c) which direction

Answer 6

Uses kinesin to transport the molecules or organelle along microtubules

a) 100-400 mm/day
b) neurotransmittors and organellesd
c) soma to synaptic terminal

Question 7

What are is fast retrograde?
Give :
a) speed
b) what they transport
c) which direction

Answer 7

uses ATPases, dynein, to transport membrane bound lysosomal organelles along microtubules

a) 200-300mm/day
b) surplus membrane particles, metabolites within small membrane-bound lysosomal organelles
c) from axon terminal to soma