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HISTORY Weimar and Nazi Germany > Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Nazi Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Hitler made Chancellor in January 1933 by Hindenburg

A

Hindenburg thought he could tame the Nazi party if Hitler was Chancellor under a coalition government
Hitler however called for another election and had no intention of a coalition
He was absolute ruler of Germany using article 48 to create terror

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2
Q

When was Hitler made chancellor by von Hindenburg

In power

A

January 1933

Under a coalition

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3
Q

After Hitler came to power Jan 1933 how many members in the cabinet were Nazi sympathisers

Why did he call for an election

A

2

Called for election shortly after he became chancellor to increase majority in Reichstag

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4
Q

What happened at the Reichstag fire event February 1933

Before the election

A

Parliament building on fire, Dutch Communist Van der Lubbe executed in days for plotting against the government.

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5
Q

What was implemented the day after the Reichstag fire

Before Enabling Act was passed

A

Article 48 allows emergency decree ( Law for the Protection of the People and the State) was passed in days, police state
4000 communist leaders imprisoned, stopping them campaigning during election so Hitler won election
Death penalty decreed, this was the start of death/concentration camps with people used as unpaid workforce and for experimentation
Later as a result opposition was illegal

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6
Q

What was article 48 (emergency powers)

A

In case public safety is seriously threatened or disturbed, the Reich President may take the measures necessary to reestablish law and order, if necessary by force.

After the reichstag fire he claimed he had the right to run the country

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7
Q

Describe Nazis and communists following the reichstag fire and what this allowed Hitler to do

A

Nazis claimed country was threatened by communists, 4000 communist leaders arrested, stopping them campaigning during election so Nazis gained seats.
(Communist party was biggest opponent)
Communist fear helped persuade Hindenburg to pass Enabling Act

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8
Q

What events followed Reichstag fire where people were oppressed

A

Hitler won election

Death penalty decreed, this was the start of death/concentration camps with people used as unpaid workforce and for experimentation
Later as a result political opposition was illegal

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9
Q

Explain Enabling Act March 1933

A

Hitler was chancellor already, Enabling Act allowed him to make his own laws without Reichstag involvement

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10
Q

How long did emergency decree stay in place

A

12 years

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11
Q

Hitlers actions in 1933 after the enabling act was passed

A

Trade unions, and strikes illegal and local government destroyed
Other political parties and opposition illegal, members executed
Concordant with catholic church
Set up RAD and Hitler Youth (all other youth groups ended)
Police state (article 48)12 years of Nazi rule, SA brutal police force
Only Nazi campaign,intimidated voters: watched ballots

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13
Q

Upon Hindenburg’s death August 1934, what did Hitler do

the same day

A

Merged chancellor and president to become Führer
He was also head of the army

The Enabling Act did not allow this

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14
Q

Who were the SA by 1934

What did they (Ernst Röhm) want

A

Hitler relied on their force and power to put his policies into action
More than 2 million members by 1934

Ernst Röhm wanted to take control of the army, a potential rival to Hitler

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15
Q

Who was Ernst Röhm

A

The leader of the SA, he helped create it as a private army
He served in the war and became a Freikorp
He stood alongside Hitler in the Munich Putsch was appointed to keep party going while Hitler served his sentence. A Violent thug, flamboyant homosexual who talked about Hitler behind his back, didn’t like big business

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16
Q

Who were the German army by 1934

A

100,000 soldiers (treaty of versailles)
Army leadership supported by big business
Opposed to being taken over by Röhm and the SA
Many disliked Hitler, upper class looked down on him

THE ONLY ORGANISATION THAT COULD REMOVE HITLER

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17
Q

Why did the night of the long knives occur and what happened

A

By 1934 SA were getting out of hand and interfering with the running of the country, had around 2 million members
Hitler believed SA and Röhm were plotting against him, Röhm hoped to take control of the army who had the power to overthrow lhim. Did not follow Aryan qualities, being gay
On the night of the long knives 1934 Röhm and 200 other SA leaders were executed by members of the SS

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18
Q

What were the after effects of the night of the long knives

A

Hitler gained oath of loyalty from German Army who now had the SA under their control
As a result, Hitler and the SS were feared by the public
Heinrich Himmler gained lots of power in Nazi Germany

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19
Q

Why is it significant that the Nazi symbol is seen everywhere in public with announcements where work was stopped

A

To encorce the message and remind people who was in charge
To enforce the salute, shows who would partake and agree with Nazis

Easy to see who disagrees and wouldn’t stop and listen, with fear and paranoia civilians would report those in protest

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20
Q

Why did nazis want to take control of Northeim

A

One third of Northeimers voted for social democrats, not the Nazi party. Although they got a majority, this was not good enough

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21
Q

In Northeim, how did the Nazis take control of the council

This is a microcosm of all over Germany

A

Before first council meeting, one social democrat was arrested
Meeting moved to ballroom with heavy Nazi decorations
Packed with SA and SS at centre and social democrats at the side
The socialist leader was stopped from speaking
Socialist councillors left the room in protest and were spat on
1933 all non Nazi parties are banned, Nazis control Northeim council

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22
Q

In Northeim how were people and institutions controlled by terror

A

Nazis searched all houses (supposedly for weapons) people were arrested with some to camps, jews were persecuted and avoided
Nazis took over schools and churches with children manipulated
There were rumours of Gestapo and spies, paranoia was high

Nazis showed what people who disobeyed would expect

23
Q

How did Nazis take control of Northeim using propaganda and by tackling unemployment

A

Propaganda was a form of brainwashing. There were many rallies people were expected to watch to glorify Nazism and get more support

Unemployment related to many so Hitlers plan to change this was very popular. Jews were banned from doing certain jobs to Nazis could take their place and less were unemployed. Shows his policies to work

24
Q

Who was Heinrich Himmler

A

Used to be a chicken farmer,interest with selective breeding
Took part in Munich Putsch, arrested
Becomes head of the SS, Hitler’s bodyguard
Appointed head of the Gestapo, the secret police 1934
Sets up first concentration camp, Dachau. Suggests final solution and death camps controlled by Nazis. He was very cowardly initially

25
Q

Give some examples why Hitler’s success kept increasing when he became Führer

A

Dealt with threats to his position, quickly and efficiently
Uses propaganda, his policies and actions appear better than Weimar
Exploited every opportunity to reinforce power
Germany’s politicians hadn’t realised his strength or motives
Uses violence to remove opposition
Politicians collaborated with Hitler

26
Q

Who was Josef Goebbels

A

Minister for propaganda
He was not “perfect” and born with a club foot

Was in Berlin bunker with Hitler where he killed himself and his family

27
Q

Who were the SS and what was their role in Nazi Germany

A

Originally had been a protection sqad for Hitler and Nazi leaders
In four years Himmler built it to an elite force of 50,000 fit, Aryan men
Helped in the night of the long knives, terrorised people into obedience and arrested without trail, could search houses and confiscate items
Opposition sent to camps controlled by SS or SA

28
Q

What were the Gestapo by 1936

A

It became the state secret police under the command of Himmler
Spied on people and looked through mail etc. with network of informers across Germany
Strike at any time and were very feared, much paranoia
Arrested ‘Undesireables’ and sent them to concentration camps
Effective as neighbours see others taken so ‘behave themselves’

29
Q

What was Der Stürmer

A

A Nazi magazine read by Nazis, Hitler Youth,SA and SS

Very bias and unreliable

29
Q

What did ‘Total war’ mean to Hitler

A

Hoping to expand the German Empire as promised and return Germany’s greatness

30
Q

How had women’s role in society changed since Weimar Germany

A

Expected to be Aryan, good christian mothers

Makeup, independence, smoking, drinking and expression forbidden

31
Q

Unemployment amounts in 1933

Unemployment amounts in 1939

A

6 million

300,000

32
Q

What allowed the Night of the long knives to occur

When did it occur

A 
Article 48 (emergency decree)
Allows a police state. Hitler can do what he wants

30th March 1934 Night of the Long knives

33
Q

What was the german word for self sufficiency

A

Autarky

34
Q

What did Hitler first open in 1935 that relates to his desire for Autarky in Germany

What plan enabled this

A

Germany’s first Autobahm (motorway)
It was built by the perviously unemployed Hitler had given the job to therefore reducing unemployment rates hugely

Focused on by the new plan

34
Q

What was the strength through joy campaign (Kraft durch Freude)

When did it end

A

Provided working class with fun activities to work more efficiently
They wouldn’t see Nazi Germany as controlling
and be reliant on it (theatre,sports, exhibitions)

Ended at wartime 1939

36
Q

Describe the Volkswagon relating to the German worker

A

Were told every worker would receive the ‘people car’ car by investing earnings

No cars were given and the money and materials went into the army and war effort when war broke out

37
Q

What was Reich Labour Service

A

RAD was militarisation of labour force
Compulsory to serve at least 6 months

Hard labour for 18-25 year old men
Poorly paid but better than being unemployed

38
Q

How could the Nazi rule be seen as positive for Aryans (before the war)

A 
Less unemployment,richer country promises work and bread
No unreliable coalitions 
Exciting opportunities for Aryans
Better than time of depression and WWI
Promised this security for 1000 years
39
Q

What was Krupp

A

A large, steel industrial group in Nazi germany

40
Q

How were small businesses better under Nazi Germany

A

SMALL BUSINESSES

Nazis eliminated competition from Jewish shops
Trade value increased
Promised lots

41
Q

How were FARMERS affected under Nazi Germany

A

Some debt written off and gained income from increased food prices

Resented government meddling
Shortage of labour workers in agriculture

42
Q

How were INDUSTRIALISTS affected by Nazi Germany

A

Huge benefits in large rearmament process
and removal of trade unions
So large profits

However they had to pay for the benefits, there was greater government intervention

43
Q

How were unskilled WORKERS affected by Nazi Germany

A

Forced to work with less wages than unemployment benefits
Workers had to attend RAD for at least six months
Could access cheap housing however
Quickly given jobs to build Nazi Germany
Strength through joy campaign offered prizes and rewards for hard work (vw car)
Beauty of labour scheme helped improve working conditions,hot meal and ventilation etc

44
Q

What did Hitler break in the treaty of versailles

Why did nobody intervene

A

Amount of soldiers in German army, rearmament (reduced unemployment)
Anschluß- joining Austria and Germany
Remilitarisation of Rhineland 1936

No one wanted to start another war

45
Q

What was the beauty of labour campaign

A

Employers persuaded to improve working conditions, hot meals and ventilation (in factories)

46
Q

How was unemployment significantly reduced from 6m in 1933 to 300,000 by 1939

A

Undesirables removed from society and jobs given to Aryans
Increased production and world market after Great Depression
Conscription to army 1935 (breaks treaty)
RAD was compulsory, benefits of Strength through Joy and Beauty of Labour
Volkswagen reward
Work in industry and rebuilding german cities (Autobahn)opportunities

47
Q

DAF

Deutsche Arbeitsfront

A

Workers and employers had to join to settle disputes

Build new autobahm, hospitals, schools and public buildings

48
Q

Nazi Germany role of women

A

Motherhood cross for having children
No make up,smoking,strict gender roles
Kinder,Kirche,Küche

49
Q

Describe other methods in Nazi Germany to produce Aryan children for the 1000 year Reich after 1937

A 
1938 changed divorce law( man could divorce women is she could not bear children)
Lebensborn programme (unmarried Aryan woman works in brothel to have baby with SS guard as father)
50
Q

Nazi Germany role of women

A

Motherhood cross for having children
No make up,smoking,strict gender roles
Kinder,Kirche,Küche

51
Q

Describe other methods in Nazi Germany to produce Aryan children for the 1000 year Reich after 1937

A 
1938 changed divorce law( man could divorce women is she could not bear children)
Lebensborn programme (unmarried Aryan woman works in brothel to have baby with SS guard as father)

HISTORY Weimar and Nazi Germany (11 decks)

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