Early Nazi Party Flashcards
Which political decisions spurred on the Munich putsch
Treaty of Versailles 1919 (Hitler pro war) and stab in back myth
Weak and vulnerable government with two failed revolutions
September 1923
Stresemann decided Germany would give in to France, he ended resistance in the Ruhr
Why was Munich, Bavaria chosen for the putsch
Right wing extremists (who also hated Weimar government) were based here. They had been plotting against the government and Hitler was sure they would support the Nazis
What was the plan in the Munich Putcsh
Hitler and the Nazis try to take over the Munich Hofbrauhaus beer hall to resist against the Weimar government
It was used as a political building
Hitler used SA soldiers, (led by Ernst Röhm) sends half to split telephone wires and the rest to barracks to persuade soliders to join
What happened at the Munich putsch
8th and 9th November 1923
Hitler and 600 stormtroopers burst into beerhall for revolution in Munich
Politicians Kahr and Lossow were forced at gunpoint to announce that Nazism was good
Army gets message and fires at Nazis, 16 die
Hitler was shot at and arrested leaving Nazis without a leader
Failures of the Munich putsch
Ludendorf, a general was late, delaying the operation he saw Hitler as a silly corporal but did agree with Nazi policies
Politicians Kahr and Lossow were forced at gunpoint to claim to the room Nazism was good, they were allowed to leave and alerted army
phone lines weren’t cut,army gets message and fires at Nazis, 16 die
Hitler imprisoned and Nazi party banned
What were the successes of the Munich Putsch for the Nazi party
Hitler arrested 1924 and was on trial for high treason but gets 9 months
While on trial he uses court rooms to give speeches to influence listeners, journalists
Cult of personality is created
Becomes more well known, writes Mein Kampf 1925 to persuade more
Explain Hitler’s actions following his arrest after Muncih putsch
Hitler knew he could no longer use violence to get into government and must be more professional and peaceful
Split Germany into constituencies 1925
At the time of the Munich Putsch 1923, why were the Nazis not so strong (what were the social conditions like in Germany at the time)
Stresemann’s actions made Germany stronger
With less desparation people didn’t turn to extreme groups
Why did Hitler assume his Putsch would be a success (a historical figure)
Mussolini did something similar and succeeded
How were the Nazi party seen, following the Munich Putsch
Nazi party would be seen as violent and extreme/crazy however very determined and caring for the Germans
What was done to gain Nazi popularity after the Munich Putcsh failure
Hitler split Germany into constituencies (Gaus) 1925
Mein kampf published 1925, his national fame made it a best seller
Nazis win over the classes and appeal to them personally
Nazi activist meetings, learn what is important to people and party alters policies to appeal
Hitlers speeches empowered people
In the late 1920s the Nazis changed tactic
How did they appeal to the working class?
Anti-semitism had the most appeal among the working class,
Anti-Jewish propaganda was increased
Thanks to national zeitgeists, Nazi party chose scapegoats people could blame. The war and hyperinflation etc. was still very fresh
In the late 1920s the Nazis changed tactic
How did they appeal to farmers?
Nazis offered business security with higher profits to make up for business loss during hyperinflation etc.
In the late 1920s the Nazis changed tactic
How did they appeal to middle/upper classes?
Nazis offered protection from communism
(Communism meant no wealth and luxury)
Thanks to national zeitgeists, Nazi party chose scapegoats people could blame. The war and hyperinflation etc. was still very fresh
Why was the middle class so important to Hitler
A majority vote from middle class shows a strong party that could be suited to everyone Middle class were also the largest group so their support was important to the Nazi party
How did Nazis begin to appeal to unemployed workers?
Offer jobs building Nazi infrastructure such as stadiums
RAD, strength through joy, beauty of labour
Conscription to army
Increased industry and production
Why did the Nazi party (NSDAP) sound like it supported everyone
Nationalist, socialist, German, Workers party indicated it supported many people
In the late 1920s who were the Nazi party’s main new members
Middle class people and farmers
Nazis focused their message to appeal to this section of society
In the late 1920s when Hitler changed tactics, there was a correlation with votes and what else
Who else received votes
Rising unemployment and mass fear following hyperinflation and wall street crash
More people were seen to be voting for the Nazi party in the desperation
The communist party were still a threat and had more seats
When did Hitler become chancellor, ending Weimar Germany
How and why was this so
1933 Hitler becomes chancellor in a coalition. Emergency measures were in place by Hindenburg following the Reichstag fire. He was months from his death, suffering from dementia
Von Papen and Hindenburg’s son persuaded the president to make Hitler chancellor
Hitler wanted to become chancellor
By 1932 why did this not happen
Coalitions were still making and breaking
Von Papen was chancellor then but couldn’t hold a coalition. He was replaced with von Schleicher but he couldn’t control the government. Hindenburg still refuses to allow Hitler chancellorship but Von Papen struck a deal to make hitler chancellor with himself as vice-chancellor
Hindenburg (very frail) agreed in the hope of a stable government
When Hitler became chancellor in 1933, who was vice-chancellor
Why did they like this position
Franz Von Papen was vice-chancellor and he believed he could control Hitler and use him as a puppet to get his policies in place
The previous year he himself was chancellor but failed at holding the coalition
In 1933 Germany is weak
What do the Nazis stand for and what can Hitler target to gain encouragement
An Schluß- to rejoin German lands taken by the treaty
Aryan race created, pure and super rule
Believers in a 1000 year Reich
Build a strong army, dismisses the Treaty of Versailles
Challenge unemployment (Freikorps)
Autarky- self sufficiency
Challenge Weimar culture
At time of Munich putsch, how many Nazi members were there
3000
Who was Kahr
Leader of Bavarian government
To show instability of Weimar, how many elections were held in 1932
4
